Page 242 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

As mentioned above, the transition
232 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives
Another text that is central to the history political, religious and commercial--- set samuha (semua, all) etc.Sanskritloan
process from ancient Malay dominated of Malacca is the Sejarah Melayu (Malay during the reign of Sultan Muhammad words were written close to their original
by Sanskrit to pre-classical Malay, Annals). The text isone of the oldest Shah (1424-1444) and implemented forms: anugeraha (Skt. anugraha, grace),
also known as archaic Malay, became in the history of Malay literature and more effectively by his successor, Sultan arta (Skt. artha, wealth), astamewa
a key feature in Samudra Pasai in therefore, it isimportant for both history Muzaffar Shah (1445-1458). In fact, (Skt. astam eva, special), daruhaka
18
the 14 century. This transition was and language. Written in Jawi script, during the rain of a later ruler, Sultan (Skt. drohaka, insubordinate), gebala
th
characterized mainly by the use of Jawi the Sejarah Melayu was composed Mahmud Shah (1488-1511), special (Skt. gopala, shepherd), manusyia
script (Arabic script adapted to the by Tun Sri Lanang in 1613 and thus rules were also formulated for matters (Skt. manusyia, mankind), netiasa
phonological system of Malay), as part a century after the fall of Malacca to pertaining to marine trade, which was (Skt. nityasas, constant), periksya (Skt.
16
of Arab-Islamic influence in the social- the Portuguese in 1511. Its contents growing at that time. 19 pariksa,check), perkasya (Skt.perkasa,
political and economic developments starts with the story of the origins of Back to the aspect of the Malay brave), sanggeraha (Skt. samgraha,
of the period. A similar process took the Malay rulers and continues with language, concerning pre-classical studio) etc.
place at the time of Malacca in the the establishment of the Kingdom of Malay, Abdullah ---relying entirely on Second, loan words that etymologically
20
15 century. The Pengkalan Kempas Malacca, where many foreign merchants, Iskandar --- has done detailed research have two consonants kept only one
th
21
inscription, dated 1467 A.D., is important particularly Chinese and Tamils came about some special features both in usingan emphasis (tashdid), for instance
in this connection. The first part of the and stayed. Many things about court speech and in writing. These features are / b. dd ./ --budi (Skt. buddhi, moral), /
inscription is carved in Kawi script but life are narrated as well as Malacca’s as follows: k. pp. l. / --kapal (Tamil: kappal, ship), /
subsequently continues in Jawi script. It relation with Samudera Pasai. The story m . dd ./--muda (Skt. mudha, young), /s.
is clear that a transition had started in the ends with the fall of Malacca to the First, the sound /h/ at the beginning or dd. h. / --sudah (Skt. suddha, finished),
time of Samudera Pasai. Portuguese. 17 in the middle of a word was maintained: /s. kk . a / --suka (Skt. sukha, like).
For schwa/ĕ/the letter alif was used:
As during the time of Samudera Completing the picture on the advance harang (arang, charcoal), hurai (urai, baralahan (beralahan, alergic), jamu
disclose) hutak (otak, brain); tihang (tiang,
Pasai, the15 century also spawned of Malaccaas presented in the Malay pillar), tuha (tua,old), guha (gua, cave), (jemu, bored),sabau (sebau,shoulder),
th
a number of Malay texts associated Annals is the Undang-Undang Malaka 18. Fang, Liaw Yock, Undang-Undang Melaka: kakayaan (kekayaan, wealth). A
with the development of Islam and the (Laws of Malacca). The text contains A Critical Edition, (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, consonant after aschwa was doubled
Kingdom of Malacca. The following two a variety of governmental regulations 1982), pp. 32-38; T. Iskandar, Kesustraan Klasik by using an emphasis: /b. dd . l/ -bedil
prophetic stories, Hikayat Nabi Yusuf related to many aspects of life ---social- Melayu Sepanjang Abad ……, p. 204. (gun);not doubled /b. l . ddu/ -beledu
(Story of the Prophet Joseph) and 16. R.O. Winstedt, (ed.) “Sejarah Melayu or Malay 19. T. Iskandar, Kesustraan Klasik Melayu (velvet), /b. rk. rr. t / -berkerat(slivery);
Sepanjang Abad,….., p. 207.
Annals”, JMBRAS 16, 1938, pp.1-226, pp. 27-34.
Hikayat Nabi Sulaiman (Story of the See also, Vladimir Braginsky, The heritage of 20. Imran T. Abdullah. “Bahasa Melayu: Lingua /d . ngng . n/ -dengan (with); /m. m. rr ./
Prophet Solomon), were both written in traditional Malay literature, pp. 62-63. Franca Islam”, in Taufik Abdullah dan A.B. Lapian -memeri,(to give); /s. tt. y ./ -setia(loyal).
Malacca. 15 17. T. Iskandar, Kesustraan Klasik Melayu (ed.), Indonesia dalam Arus Sejarah, ……, p. 238- Sounds /y/ and /w/ are doubled by using
Sepanjang Abad, ….., p. 208-209. See also, 239.
15. T. Iskandar, Kesustraan Klasik Melayu Vladimir Braginsky, The heritage of traditional 21. T. Iskandar, Kesustraan Klasik Melayu an emphasis or the same letter is written
Sepanjang Abad, ….., pp. 196-199. Malay literature, pp. 139-151. Sepanjang Abad, ….., p. 114-118. twice: /a yy ./ - ia (he/she/it), /d yy ./ -
Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 233