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SCIENCEThursday 10 March 2016

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   MARCIA DUNN
MICAHPAAEeLroHsILpLace Writer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   in Europe and Asia have
AsCsAocPEiateCdAPNreAsVs ERAL, Fla.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             co-existed with the white

AL(TAAPM) O—NTN, ANS.YA.’s(AnPe)x—t MAas rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     nose fungus for a long

whmiteiss-inoonseis stsilyl nadlivroem. e kills                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 time. In fact, the fungus

miIlnliostnesaodf boaftssaccraropspsinNgortthhe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 may have made its way

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                to upstate New York a de-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                cade ago on the boots or
Amgeroriucnad,edthereM’as rsa gInlSimig-ht

NASA salvages Mars mission that should have launched by nowmespr aocf heocpraefta, t htihbeernasptioance
spaotgsewnchyere it firsatnsntrouucnkcaed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       gear of a caver who was
dsoonemWfs.(CMcouAATeaerpAAhPPaddpPeR)AcEneoC2e—aes0rIaeorAsv1odgCdbe8NsDaoosAplAUay:taNtiSNauSoccAAonrNeiet’Vmc’lslasWiEhfehtnRn.raAdiesbthoenexLao,trfgrftoisMnwtiFtginanhlaagrisss.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          overseas.
Remsmeoiasnsritcohhn, eisrsstitllryailnivge. to fig-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Researchers from Univer-
ulbharaetebDekivIgsaWronenpcueergonsyeaottactesuedutFmcseenittranonoemenacaddenwfcdnbynbesrcbehdiaaesldoihydaizafgtrfteetiy,enwbsudssrsMpycsiitnniarrtatsauat’aahsapesrimsrpenedsipordlnpeeemesposihaltnniathnoueIousktgnre.epnpodSPhidcatnituydgtroiiecnho---ehiadgneej--t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     sity of California Santa Cruz
ingvfiocreavse2hr0oy1ut8hldilnagbuencfrreho.dmesigbnee- d                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       who tested bats in the Mid-
hainviTothimreteo.rocbaovteic cloanndietironws.as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               west and China for white-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                nose fungus found lower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                levels of infection in Asian
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                bats and said signs point to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a higher resistance to the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                fungus among those Asian

TheMsuirapypaon2ss0ew1d8erstreoparbleifotseuntotfsfthttehheis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   bats.

penmrseiosxttnetnhc,aevaoiflatbhlee spelacuinecs h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              “We don’t know whether

pkcwg“atonWoaorietetTlsiwbtoatubveiMnwDlkrplhhoeehnasevyweitielucueuencneniduaunecnstayxntttdnlfcedsitnraeymrdaohIetuorbncnFymreecoeiteoivlcsdargrilShieeimennlhghwst2oaeiwithyshnw.gdgno0inncnfrdao.bobg.tothl1ceotumioarohvaneeotpo8itrhOldttdOadgmev.rvreylisirtecno.ieepMpieeahnMpnblruiabagauneerrapeasstpbpyasyeabntttlpptcoroteraorrisisFrdhlumrnoasesrersaf,rretrbwetimaitewidoEcuabinudseddaelatinaeeernertagnnn,eaerhtr”cnoarltiniidihsitlsatthssnifaathibenfhikteseteiifeseg.lentuaubi.MdaanshsPasigndnninTldettjidgjeeraumnueohhcsso-tteiissrdsoedaonenhjsst-t--          In this Jan. 27, 2009 file photo, Scott Crocoll holds a dead Indiana bat in an abandoned mine in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          or not it’s their immune sys-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Rosendale, N.Y.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            tem, some kind of microbe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                on their skin inhibiting their
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Associated Press                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       growth or what exactly is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                causing it,” said researcher
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     food. Hibernation caves                                                                                                                  ened just last year.                                                                                                                         nation patterns of infected                                                                                                          Kate Langwig, now a post-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     were decimated, with die-                                                                                                                The less grim reports about                                                                                                                  little brown bats in up-                                                                                                             doctoral fellow at Harvard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     off rates hitting 90 percent.                                                                                                            little browns come even                                                                                                                      state New York found they                                                                                                            University.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     White nose eventually                                                                                                                    as other caves continue                                                                                                                      roused less frequently than                                                                                                          The Santa Cruz research-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ers also are investigating
ScmoetvotemrDyeattewrlirnongye,eeaadrst,obbioalpsoeegdriasotten spread through the North- to post declines. Jeremy bats during the peak of

witinthheaaVvleiagrncmmuouenmnt’tscohf EDaamerptbhaearrtn-idn east and then beyond. It Coleman, the national white nose mortality. That’s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         whether bats in a cave
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                stucdayinngbtehetirneteartioerdofbMyarssp. rOany-
meoitnrsdtneeor ifgthFoibshomr.aenadsurWe ildsulifbet.le                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             twhWaeThseidsisdntAaeeutsngedtuaifsiytoe,2fdM01aWl5arcasathrsthiw9s,itne’2sge0r1teko6n,nidnN,eArinSwwAghitsphairtoeidtv-hniidte’oessdUseh.bSoy.oFtNiinsAgchSoAfaoo/rnJradPdLi2n-W0Ca1ait8ldoltle-ar cuhnbgcdoaheotposdifchtthasneevthIewneSsaIingbSbhietgeschtpttaeaMucrasecerchsrtalaahnfnet.cdseeer
“ThgTehroeucInandSviegmahott,vspeoamf cceenoctursar.sfet ,aiims s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    making it a coast-to-coast life Service, said “it’s a of conserving enough en-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ing on bacAtsesoricaiattehdatPrehsas s
Tbnsis1ottth’0ofraasoemtrctsTIletttbTligomsseihtbbchenpo’owceohhgcarrsyaeaieiiaoednoellienseoniieoskpandzztkdmurestnv.isweanoucnvuniooypnrncraNthcneiaddtvtdegrawlpgdotiliesecaAkiaenotcoyn.ntsu.eopnauofupmtcnSutgiolttoriin-foauutAnniohuluTpynT-yoronshmwlidstfeuhme’asmetg.liktkvftesoeroemerhanutainseiuaeleoncwwintelcoeormorommdatttnhsphmhonhecohwFplesaeedapyattet.drhuotrweihoonrmehnnomeortoaroeBwotpeteiettnfrcht,boubtmls,bibahrrtcrho.lhelotapeoeaieiaynbehnmfslwayjie,rcsmreutmeber.MG’Gtvtrwwsauwabrciol.Tarlealeeeaw”yalecehst-t,aaaptiil.iisrrhneeeirnnlssss----l                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             been shown to strongly in-
tioJnmoshainn huGeprausttn-afsltofeewldNp, erohwbeeaY,dowrkaosf                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      scourge confirmed in 28 mixed bag right now but ergy for the winter.
anNdreAaSVdAey’rsmtosocflinyet.n, ctehemirsesigoinondi-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              stasoteuns da. nTdhefivJeetCParnoapdulisaionn wdee’creadveesr,”y Ghorupnesffuelldwshaaidt “sTehnedinsugrvhivuimnganbsatots taherereigd- shainbcitethOerbgirtoewr tahnodf Mthaevfeunn-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     hcdtiBpnioaarrabaLi“CerWCLsnooTeonaaTtvmhnegceagaspvhdusebbicroedsillespan,einiooffeno.nnAowooodlsgcrreafctiupaaqrirgf.heernsnnygyotetdtuWnissiholiuoTaielaa.tawenfn,lhseriorin,y,ulyltsbnystedyhwct,wheg2muvelMiw0ueicmiifiatlJilalei1lnesoladnttoeFtc5etspnhtrairatrcnusetaerouakPkhigPuternioPerbnthetnatami9scdrnpsdaaiadeoos,otosha’oenna2tlatpvslfvcoho0dspd.rtedrubesp1heegcteurtrlero6htsoanaaiatnleist,nsaeuohdlcnmhtcaenNsaseet-nrdteei,A---r,inSAgiIetffwndicterinpiMtap2co’onrhgspeiesw0tilasanmteaera’tc1peaoppitesrrtddsr8hoaevdoesoesorib.isnsidt”ddptssitpafcts’aaasdeeeosteouutiohtNbudsteaservlalea,ahattl”AiimbybeandoombtntsSeySigo3ieoe.ecoGcAtelb4tNahnnnJienaonnb’0raAutecubsussgtt.t-atsS.ntd.ennap”,st“Afctfcouos“auoKcWralk/foWihrammneeymkJnfae,PtsglloedldbreteLy’poanm2urn-’eew0eCrnolnshfcoei1srosrawsesitaoh8ecssgmhctliieetiamoshxalhdeeiuatxink-iennst---csu--,hncspAdTKiBnhteATcputewnhrlenheahueooinlrrglgnpehooaoaeecnnwrdoigfei—dtnscfmnekihtte.tdFneetehngr,thfseiiegieeolrnbteifeetetrndfThgrlilaIeddrhnthdlneiiNathsnutr.wSehNptesbarAIcimhe2noygoticlnAittolaSSoe0’huvnhaot2rAiS2ntlgleedeoy0tn2Aua0asehrri30psginlcMgtdrtla03——aoagytMMntgso0acibauuv.oacseaerepsinel.tsstrrparcehrsecrsbNsrsoere,llaahp-a”csaebAfsrlof.danaerhnhithezeS.smdydeascneAaaidsendd-epdeovi’ridgss---,s--rstsoEuaudrEfoboEtsbrhntgemRtbpryuuotriohitioecbhievuaetrrnemaepeooeneeissgctrrelerppeeeserniesntKOafeedrmhMcslcoofiaefrraarrorccawpebfhzalriniimahnatrlrlaoismaahftsgttteekrnAlmseaenbegmeehrrrislesnsahbionssaoobsiaotstiueociigrhsna.stnroccnusnoiotyuihlongigriytdatracfbwnipsinnhnMuthd—iheeantEMggstMiada,nxiirb.aonaEpsaripgovtsaPoiacxnrbsov.reorwntpvneeteOeospmduersosanatvnoeussnoa.huonefnnsldryaaels---.ddet--
whrIeet’crsetourandkteena,odwsanibdahtohswe wsmceuireecnh- sotrmehdeeesiinsgptnee,rciboiuer isldoinfdgisMaaapnrpdseteahsrat--s spoaamtthtehefocraInvateerlsanaucntoicouhnld,alnroSepwflaecicnet efOirnp—dpinotghrtiaus nocitnoyeoaleanr dcpaaCrr-tsuiozriefodtshi,tey spsa“ppchuepcric”ragpftaeisnreysoearbanirtd. aBaruoltaunthdeerre
fouttinfhicde gwtowiatohls-yaesuaregr acrdyoemlawpyheiltliewngill inbigne.geThonefartehloewnevgra-esctapuunremddiniccghtigoaonmas-l t2hS0tea18tmi.o”onvtehmate’sntcoonf ssidurevrievdinga wcrohaevveeerles downrhoetvhreer —suthrfiesacscefhu,enadgn-uds thceisorlaeledcfetpievlaelinnlyegtk.tnhoewy’nreacs loExsion-g
esmsaJctsuitnooodadhnsgrtnt.ewintNhsagGAeasriSnrutoAorne2u’skps0nfiel0oald6ltnidrh.lt,yehApoehfplaftilerrhinocanesjtedorecaosd-tpro.e-f                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              bthaobeaatnfegtscre,pwenhwloacaihnyunrisldleetdfro-tuhtacdhmirtueiysesaFenlirpstsetctplnioeiteescnenahlttbfrhis.srpfetorsaowscmcfnoei-r  btatMhshacseaettirressroesenfniritssaodifiNumeactAvyssiSoSdt.cAeteJhop’unsetpstcrptienKrcliagematsslhlvtetyaoewftncsoe.eobceBmaufkuots-,str  tTubfehOlaeeeerddmeysrsfioesonswdmger oayewp,r2siltepa0Mh.2nhaa0OeyrcstlsraitctiauvRhaneleerleccrstaehproa.danciytcnoeatuihs-ilsde-  EuMirnoaporsen2a0i1ts6le.lqasutnscohminegofawnh- ite
baNtsAroSAu’ssesicniethnceemmidisdsiloenodf i-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       th“eThNeorqthueeaststtboyu2n0d2e6r,satanndd                                                                                              cpalenteaddaapt3t4o0t-hdeayfunmgisusiso. n                                                                                                   cbraaftts, coinucldludpinagss aNloAnSgA’sto                                                                                          othneorseM’as rms mysitsesiroiensM. onday
winretecrtoarnadteb, usraniddotwhen tshceieirn-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      thtehe niontrtehrieorrn oflonMga-ersarheads                                                                                              BautctkhneeIllnternUantivioenrasiltySpacree-                                                                                                 Othpepiroortfufsnpitryinga,nFdielCdusraioidsi.ty                                                                                     fro“mWeKa’rzeakhhsotapnef—ullyan aobr-out
fattrifeicsegrvoeaslsasatrheecyolomopkeflolinr g                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     babteewnaas lolisntge-dstaansdinthgregaota-l                                                                                             sSetatricohnetrhsaat’ns acloyznisnidgerheibdear-                                                                                             roScveierns toisnts tbheliseuvrefacthea, tabndats                                                                                    bcspoithtqeloleeur rceiafctosintvrgioseawmlnysesee,kr”sanassouonwFrmdiinengealdalaaos tnfEmsdaxtooehid--er .sqe

and the repair plans are of planetary scientists for scientific steppingstone for Odyssey, Mars Reconnais- Mars 2016.q
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