Page 795 - PPL-engelsk 2025
P. 795
Navigation
Navigation
Indholdsfortegnelse Side
9.1 Introduction……… ....................................................................................... 801
9.2 The shape of the Earth and the grid .......................................................... 803
9.2.1 Longitude and latitude .......................................................................... 803
9.2.1.1 The grid .............................................................................................804
9.2.1.2 Parallels of lalitude ...........................................................................804
9.2.1.3 Meridians and longitudes .................................................................804
9.2.1.4 Position indication ............................................................................805
9.2.1.5 Distance calculation using coordinates ............................................806
9.3 Time……………………………. ............................................................................ 808
9.3.1 Central European Time (CET) ................................................................ 809
9.3.2 The Date Line ........................................................................................ 809
9.3.2.1 The international date line ...............................................................809
9.3.2.2 Time zone ..........................................................................................810
9.3.3 UCT time / Zulu time and local time ..................................................... 810
9.3.4 Time when VFR flight is permitted ....................................................... 811
9.3.4.1 Twilight and night ..............................................................................812
9.4 Flight maps…………………… .......................................................................... 814
9.4.1 Map drawing ......................................................................................... 814
9.4.1.1 Requirements for maps ....................................................................815
9.4.1.2 Maps – projection methods ..............................................................816
9.4.1.3 Lambert’s conformal conic projection ..............................................816
9.4.1.4 Mercator projection .........................................................................817
9.4.1.5 Gnomonic projection ........................................................................818
9.4.2 Great circles and compass lines ............................................................ 819
9.4.2.1 Great circles ......................................................................................819
9.4.2.2 Small circles ......................................................................................820
9.4.2.3 Compass lines ...................................................................................820
9.4.3 The ICAO map ....................................................................................... 822
9.4.3.1 Meridians and parallels of latitude ...................................................822
Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 795
