Page 796 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Navigation

9.4.3.2 Information on the ICAO map ..........................................................823

9.4.3.3 Scale and scale indication .................................................................825

9.4.3.4 Altitude indications on the map .......................................................826
9.5 Direction description .............................................................................. 829

9.5.1 Reference direction ............................................................................... 829

9.5.1.1 Reference line ...................................................................................829

9.5.2 Geographic north / true north and magnetic north ............................. 830

9.5.2.1 Geographic north / true north (TN) ..................................................830
9.5.2.2 Magnetic north (MN) ........................................................................831

9.5.3 The Earth’s magnetic field .................................................................... 832

9.5.3.1 Inclination .........................................................................................832
9.5.4 Variation ................................................................................................ 833

9.5.4.1 Isogons ..............................................................................................835

9.5.4.2 Variation on the ICAO map ...............................................................835
9.5.4.3 Agonic line ........................................................................................836

9.6 The influence of magnetism on the aircraft .............................................. 836

9.6.1 Deviation og compass north ................................................................. 836

9.6.1.1 Compass north (CN) ..........................................................................837

9.6.1.2 Deviation ...........................................................................................837
9.6.1.3 Deviation table ..................................................................................837

9.6.1.4 Error display on the magnetic compass............................................838

9.6.1.5 Using the magnetic compass and heading gyro in practice .............838
9.6.2 Overview – all together ......................................................................... 839

9.6.3 Measuring routes on the map .............................................................. 839

9.6.3.1 True Track (TT) ..................................................................................839

9.6.3.2 Distance ............................................................................................840
9.6.3.3 Overview - table ................................................................................842

9.6.3.4 ”Can Dead Men Vote Twice” ............................................................842
9.6.3.5 Heading and track .............................................................................844

9.6.3.6 Speed Knots (kt) ................................................................................845

9.7 Flying in the wind…………... ........................................................................ 845

9.7.1 The wind triangle .................................................................................. 845

9.7.1.1 Heading .............................................................................................847

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 796