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Navigation




                                  9.10.2.1   Precision..........................................................................................893

                                  9.10.2.2   Accuracy ..........................................................................................894

                                  9.10.2.3   Errors and inaccuracies ...................................................................894
                                  9.10.2.4   Troubleshooting methods ..............................................................895

                                  9.10.2.5   Back-up ...........................................................................................895
                                  9.10.2.6   Update and maintenance – aircrft equipment ...............................896

                                  9.10.2.7   Aircraft regulations regarding GNSS-systems .................................897

                          9.10.3    GPS ........................................................................................................ 897

                                  9.10.3.1   Structure of the system ..................................................................898
                                  9.10.3.2   The princple ....................................................................................900

                                  9.10.3.3   GPS use in practice .........................................................................900

                                  9.10.3.4   The future .......................................................................................901
                          9.10.4    Radar ..................................................................................................... 902

                                  9.10.4.1   Ground radar / primary radar .........................................................902

                                  9.10.4.2   SSR Radar and transponder ............................................................903
                                  9.10.4.3   The transponder .............................................................................903

                                  9.10.4.4   Squawk codes .................................................................................904

                                  9.10.4.5   Transponder modes ........................................................................904
                          9.10.5    Radio operation .................................................................................... 906

                                  9.10.5.1   Radio frequencies ...........................................................................906

                                  9.10.5.2   Controlled airapace ........................................................................906
                                  9.10.5.3   Radio calls .......................................................................................906

                   9.11  Flight implementation  .............................................................................. 907

                          9.11.1    Logbook................................................................................................. 907

                          9.11.2    Checklist and start-up ........................................................................... 908

                                  9.11.2.1   Gyro ................................................................................................908
                                  9.11.2.2   Altimeter .........................................................................................908

                                  9.11.2.3   Radio call and taxi to take-off .........................................................909

                          9.11.3    In the air ................................................................................................ 909

                                  9.11.3.1   Altitude ...........................................................................................910
                                  9.11.3.2   Heading ...........................................................................................910

                                  9.11.3.3   Fuel level .........................................................................................910



             Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL             Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025               799
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