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9.2.1.1 The grid

Any place on Earth can be specified precisely using a grid.

Such a grid consists of 360 meridians extending from pole to pole and 180

parallels of latitude, which run perpendicular to these.

9.2.1.2 Parallels of latitude

A plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis divides the Earth into two halves: a

southern hemisphere and a northern hemisphere.

This plane is called the Equator at the Earth's surface.

The equator is the 0-latitude.

Degrees can be divided into minutes (’) and seconds (’’). 1 minute = 1 NM

Remember that only minutes in the north-south direction correspond to nautical

miles, i.e. measured along a meridian!

9.2.1.3 Meridians and longitudes

Another plane, through the Earth's axis and perpendicular to the equator,

divides the Earth into a western and an eastern side.

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 804