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Notes
67. See Howard Winant, Racial Conditions: Politics,Theory,Comparisons (Minneapolis: Uni-
versity of Minnesota Press, 1994).
68. See Alice M. Brues, People and Races (Prospect Heights, Ill.:Waveland Press, 1977).
69. Howard Winant, op. cit., xiii.
70. Thomas W. Heaney, “If You Can’t Beat ‘Em, Join ‘Em:The Professionalization of Par-
ticipatory Research,” in Voice of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and
Canada, ed. Peter Park, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (Westport,
Conn. Bergin and Garvey, 1993), pp. 41–42.
71. See for example, Robert J. C.Young, op. cit. p. 4.
72. Ibid.
73. Ibid., p. 64.
74. David T. Goldberg,“The Social Formation of Racist Discourse,” in Anatomy of Racism,
ed. by David Theo Goldberg (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990), p. 295.
75. Sribala Subramanian,“The Story in Our Genes:A Landmark Global Study Flattens the
Bell Curve, Providing that Racial Differences Are Only Skin Deep,” Time, January 16,
1995, pp. 54–55.
76. Robert J. C.Young, op. cit., p. 92.
77. David T. Goldberg, op. cit., p. 310.
78. See Robert J. C.Young, op. cit.; Edward Said, op. cit.; Edward Said, “The Politics of
Knowledge,” in Race, Identity and Representation in Education, ed. Cameron McCarthy
and Warren Crichlow (New York: Routledge, 1993); Robert Ross, “Reflections on a
Theme,” Racism and Colonialism: Essays on Ideology and Social Structure, ed. R. Ross (The
Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Routledge, 1982).
79. See the argument presented in Asafa Jalata,“The Struggle for Knowledge:The Case of
Emergent Oromo Studies,” The African Studies Review, 39, no. 2, (September 1996), pp.
95–123.
80. See David. Roediger, op. cit.; Robert A. Huttenback, op. cit.
81. This argument is developed in Asafa Jalata,“Sociocultural Origins of the Oromo Na-
tional Movement in Ethiopia,” The Journal of Political and Military Sociology 21 (Winter
1993), pp. 267–286;A. Jalata,“African American Nationalisms,” op cit. See also Amilcar
Cabral, Return to the Source, ed. Africa Information Service (New York: Monthly Re-
view, 1973).
82. Quoted in Patrick Chabal, Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), p. 185.
83. Gurutz J. Bereciartu, op. cit., p. 129.
84. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nation-
alism 2nd ed. (London:Verso, 1994).
85. Charles McKelvey, Beyond Ethnocentrism: A Reconstruction of Marx’s Concepts of Science
(New York: Greenwood, 1991), p. 42.
86. Ibid., p. 175.
87. See James G.Kellas,The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity (New York:St.Martin’s Press,
1991);Walker Connor,Ethnonationalism:The Quest for Understanding, (Princeton:Prince-
ton University Press, 1994);Ashok Kaul,“Ethno-nationalism in India: Political, Histor-
ical and Sociological Discourse,” in “Race,” Ethnicity and Nation, ed. by P. Ratcliffe,
(London: University College of London, 1994), pp. 151–162; L.Adele Jinadu,“The Di-
alectics of Theory and Research on Race and Ethnicity in Nigeria,” in “Race,” Ethnic-
ity and Nation, pp. 163–178; Gurutz J. Bereciartu, op. cit.
88. L.Adele Jinadu, op. cit., p. 176.
89. See Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983);Arthur N.
Waldron, “Theories of Nationalism and Historical Explanation,” in World Politics: A
Quarterly Journal of International Relations, vol. 37, no. 3 (April 1985), pp. 416–433.