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Calcium Content of Calcium Salts Chronic Kidney Disease: Complications and Comorbidities 1205

Calcium Content of Calcium Salts Chronic Kidney Disease: IRIS Staging
VetBooks.ir CALCIUM CONTENT PER GRAM SERUM CREATININE mg/dL (mcmol/L)

Calcium Salt mg mmol mEq Dog Cat Stage
Calcium acetate (anhydrous) 253 6.3 12.6 <1.4 (<125) <1.6 (<140) 1
Calcium carbonate 400 10.0 20.0 1.4-2.0 (125-180) 1.6-2.8 (140-250) 2
Calcium chloride (dihydrate) 273 6.8 13.6 2.1-5.0 (181-440) 2.9-5.0 (251-440) 3
Calcium chloride (hexahydrate) 183 4.6 9.1 >5.0 (>440) >5.0 (>440) 4
Calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) 211 5.3 10.5 SUBSTAGE (PROTEINURIA)
Calcium glubionate (monohydrate) 66 1.6 3.3 URINE PROTEIN/CREATININE RATIO
Calcium gluceptate (anhydrous) 82 2.0 4.1 Dog Cat Substage
Calcium gluconate (monohydrate) 89 2.2 4.5 <0.2 <0.2 Nonproteinuric
Calcium glycerophosphate (anhydrous) 191 4.8 9.5 0.2 to 0.5 0.2 to 0.4 Borderline
Calcium hydrogen phosphate (dihydrate) 233 5.8 11.6 >0.5 >0.4 Proteinuric
Calcium lactate (anhydrous) 184 4.6 9.2 SUBSTAGE (HYPERTENSION)
Calcium lactate (trihydrate) 147 3.7 7.3 SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE mm Hg
Calcium lactate (pentahydrate) 130 3.2 6.5 Both Dogs and Cats Substage
Calcium lactate gluconate (dihydrate) 129 3.2 6.4 <150 Nonhypertensive
Calcium lactobionate (dihydrate) 51 1.3 2.5 150 to 159 Borderline
Calcium levulinate (dihydrate) 131 3.3 6.5 160 to 179 Hypertensive Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Calcium phosphate [10CaO.3P 2O 5 .H 2O] 399 10.0 19.9 ≥180 Severely
Calcium pidolate (anhydrous) 135 3.4 6.7 hypertensive
Calcium silicate [CaSiO 3 ] 345 8.6 17.2 NOTE: Staging applies to animals with suspected chronic kidney disease. For animals with normal
Calcium sodium lactate (tetrahydrate) 78 1.9 3.9 creatinine, this might include imaging abnormalities of the kidneys, symmetric dimethylarginine
(SDMA) concentrations > 14 mcg/dL, or persistently isosthenuric urine with no alternative explanation.
NOTE: The unit of measure of micron, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter μ, is abbreviated in
Reproduced with permission from Sweetman SC: Martindale: The complete drug reference, ed 38, this text by mc. For example, 1 mcL = 1 microliter; 1 mcg = 1 microgram.
London, 2014, Pharmaceutical Press, p 1785.
IRIS, International Renal Interest Society.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Complications and Comorbidities

Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease Uremic encephalopathy
Anemia Uremic gastritis, gastric ulcers
Anorexia Uremic pneumonitis
Dehydration Uremic stomatitis
Hypermagnesemia Weight loss
Hyperparathyroidism Comorbid Conditions: Common
Hyperphosphatemia Cardiac disease
Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia Degenerative joint disease
Hypokalemia Dental and oral diseases
Malnutrition Hyperthyroidism (cats)
Metabolic acidosis Nephroliths and ureteroliths
Proteinuria Urinary tract infections
Systemic hypertension
Adapted from Ettinger S, Feldman E: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 7, St. Louis, 2010, Saunders.

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