Page 407 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

398 | Index
Arabidopsis thaliana expression system 223 cellular responses and permission/polarisation by the innate
Ardeidae 15 immune system 384–85
ART-CH (avian retrotransposon from chicken genome) 235 chicken MHC 385
Arteriviridae 134 evasion of 387
ARV (Avian orthoreovirus) 179, 180, 187, 188, 189 MHC and MHC molecules 384
Ascites syndrome 333 single dominantly expressed class I molecule can determine the
Asian flu pandemic 19 immune response 385–86
Aspergillus 333 somatically diversified antigen-specific receptors 383–84
Atadenovirus 283–85, 287, 290, 295–99 vaccines 387–88
ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) signalling pathway 151–52 innate host responses 377–83
Attenuated live vaccines. See Live-attenuated vaccines inducible antimicrobial components 378
A-type inclusion bodies. See Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies interferons and antiviral effectors 379–83
Australian king parrot 196 sensing of viruses 378–79
Autoimmunity 384 Avian influenza (AI) 1, 2, 22, 24, 25, 223. See also Highly pathogenic avian
Autophagy 69, 152, 153, 216, 218 influenza (HPAI); Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI)
AvCoV (avian coronaviruses) 164 Avian influenza virus (AIV) 1–41
Aviadenovirus 283–91, 294–99, 302, 305–6 adaptive immune responses to 17–18, 385, 386–87
Avian adenovirus-1 201 clinical features and pathogenesis 16–17
Avian adenoviruses 283–316 diagnosis 21–22
clinical features 300–302 historical perspective 2, 3–4
clinical signs 300–301 immune evasion strategies 18–19
pathology 301–2 infectious agent 2–14 (See also Influenza A viruses (IAVs))
diagnosis 306 innate immune responses and 18, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383
effects on host cell, signalling pathways and apoptosis 293–95 natural hosts and host range 14–16
epizootiology 304–5 prevention and control 22–23
genome structure and organization 295–97 public health significance 1, 24–25
Atadenovirus genome 295, 297 vaccination 23–24 (See also under Vaccines and vaccination)
Aviadenovirus genome 295, 296–97 virus evolution and reverse genetics 19–21
Siadenovirus genome 295, 297 Avian leukoses 231–32. See also Avian leukosis virus (ALV)
immune response 302–4 Avian leukosis complex 232, 345
cellular immune response 303 Avian leukosis/sarcoma group (ALSV) 232, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 241
humoral immune response 303, 304 Avian leukosis virus (ALV) 231–47
innate immunity 302–3 clinical features and pathogenesis 236
mechanisms of immune evasion 303–4 co-infection with avian reoviruses 191
infectious agent 284–86 diagnosis 237–39
classification 284 molecular techniques 239
morphology and virus structure 285–86 serological assays 238–39
propagation 286 subgroup characterization 238
inflammatory response induced by 294 envelope subgroups 231, 233, 234, 235, 238, 241
introduction and history 283 exogenous and endogenous 234, 235, 238, 240, 241
pathogenesis 299–300 flock infection 235–36
entry, spread, tissue tropism 299–300 genome structure and organization 232–33
host range 299 immune responses 236–37, 381, 385, 386
virulence 300 infectious agent 232
phylogeny and evolutionary relationships 297–99 intervention strategies 239–40
prevention and control 307–8 treatment 240
as vaccine and gene delivery vector 308 (See also under Vaccine vaccination 239–40
vectors) introduction and history 231–32
viral replication 286–93 MDV compared to 357–58
assembly 292 prevention and control 240–41
attachment 286 eradication 240–41
biosynthesis 287–92 selection for genetic resistance 241
DNA replication 291 spread of infection 236
E40RF6-like genes 287, 290, 294–95, 297, 298 transmission and epizootiology 235
Gam-1 and Gam-1 283, 287, 290, 293, 294, 297, 298 viral proteins 233
ORF22 283, 287, 290, 293, 294, 298 viral replication 233–34
ORF arrangements 288 penetration of host cell 233–34
penetration and uncoating 286–87 synthesis and integration of viral DNA 234
transcriptional maps 291 Avian malaria 388
virus release 292–93 Avian metapneumoviruses (AMPV) 119–31
Avian adenovirus splenomegaly (AAS) 299, 306 AMPV-A (subgroup A) 119–27
Avian adenovirus splenomegaly virus (AASV) 283, 299 AMPV-B (subgroup B) 119–27
Avian coronaviruses (AvCoV) 164 AMPV-C (subgroup C) 60, 119–27
Avian diphtheria 365 AMPV-D (subgroup D) 119–27
Avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2) 250, 252, 265, 269, 270, 274 clinical features 124–25
Avian immune responses to virus infection diagnosis 125–26
adaptive immune system 383–88 antibody detection 126
antigen presentation by MHC molecules 386–87 viral antigen 126
birds other than chickens 388 viral RNA detection 126