Page 233 - Quantitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis
Simply Explained Using SPSS

Formulas for Basic Statistics

̅
1. ∑

−
2.

raw observed score, population mean,
population standard deviation

3. Inter-quartile range: Q 1

st
rd
and Q 3 are 1 and 3 quartile respectively

4. Lower bound for an outlier:

5. Upper bound for an outlier:

6. ∑ − ̅
−

7. √ √ ∑ − ̅

−

8. ̅
̅
√

9.

̅
√

 is referred to as the Margin of Error
√

The Theory and Applications of Statistical Inferences 217