Page 470 - The Social Animal
P. 470
452 The Social Animal
35. Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human interference: Strategies and shortcomings of social
judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Shweder, R. (1977). Likeness and likelihood in everyday thought: Magical thinking
in judgments about personality. Current Anthropology, 18, 637–658.
36. Plous, S. (1993). The psychology of judgment and decision making. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
Manis, M., Shedler, J., Jonides, J., & Nelson, T. E. (1993). Availability heuristic in
judgments of set size and frequency of occurrence. Journal of Personality and Social Psy-
chology, 65, 448–457.
Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., Simmons,
A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195–202.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency
and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207–232.
37. Signorielli, N., Gerbner, G., & Morgan, M. (1995). Violence on television: The Cultural
Indicators Project. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39, 278–283.
38. Pratkanis, A. R. (1989). The cognitive representation of attitudes. In A. R. Pratkanis,
S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.) Attitude structure and function (pp. 71–98).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pratkanis, A. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (1989). A socio-cognitive model of attitude
structure and function. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology
(Vol. 22, pp. 245–285). New York: Academic Press.
39. Pratkanis, A. R. (1988). The attitude heuristic and selective fact identification. British
Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 257–263.
40. Thistlewaite, D. (1950). Attitude and structure as factors in the distortion of reasoning.
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 45, 442–458.
41. Stein, R. I., & Nemeroff, C. J. (1995). Moral overtones of food: Judgments of others based
on what they eat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(5), 480–490.
42. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The “false-consensus effect”: An egocentric
bias in social perception and attribution process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychol-
ogy, 13, 279–301.
43. Pratkanis, A. R. (1989). The cognitive representation of attitudes. In A. R. Pratkanis,
S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 71–98).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
44. For a laboratory demonstration, see Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present:
The effect of associations to familiar judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 40, 797– 808.
45. Darley, J. M., & Gross, P. H. (1983). A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 20–33.
46. Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rine-
hart & Winston; Rosenthal, R. (2002). The Pygmalion effect and its mediating mech-
anisms. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological
factors on education. San Diego: Academic Press.