Page 39 - ASME_IMECE_2019_Program

Track 4: Biomedical and Biotechnology
Engineering
4-1-1: BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING
Monday, November 11, 9:45AM–10:30AM
Room 155D, also served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Medical Corps of the
Calvin L. Rampton Salt Palace Convention Center
Multi-Frequency Oscillation and Lung Protective Ventilation
(IMECE2019-12478)
David W. Kaczka
University of Iowa Presentation
Abstract: Lung protective mechanical ventilation provides life-
sustaining gas exchange of the failing respiratory system, while
simultaneously minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung
injury (VILI). The parameters most often adjusted on a ventilator
include the amount of gas delivered with each breath (the tidal
volume) and the rate at which this gas is cyclically applied (the
frequency). We have recently demonstrated that oscillation of a
heterogeneously lung with multiple simultaneous frequencies
improves gas exchange and maintains lung recruitment at
lower distending pressures compared to traditional “single-
frequency” ventilation. We termed this novel ventilatory
modality “multi-frequency oscillatory ventilation” (MFOV), and
hypothesized that such short-term physiological improvements
are due to a more even distribution of ventilation to different
lung regions, in accordance with local mechanical properties.
Since specific lung regions may be characterized by different
preferred frequencies for oscillatory flow, MFOV is uniquely
capable of enhancing gas exchange in the mechanically
heterogeneous lung. As a result, MFOV produces more efficient
oxygenation and CO2 elimination. In comparison to
conventional mechanical ventilation, MFOV may be a more
efficacious approach to minimizing VILI in the heterogeneously
injured lung, by reducing parenchymal strain heterogeneity.
In this presentation, we will discuss the theoretical rationale
for the use of MFOV in structurally heterogeneous pathologies
such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Using dynamic xenon-enhanced computed tomography and
four-dimensional image registration, we will elucidate the
mechanisms by which MFOV improves regional ventilation
distribution, aeration, and parenchymal strain in a porcine
model of ARDS. We will then demonstrate how the spectral
content of MFOV waveforms may be algorithmically designed
using anatomically explicit computational models of the
mammalian respiratory system. We expect that these pre-
clinical studies of MFOV will be ultimately translatable and
testable in eventual human clinical trials, with potential to
reduce morbidity and mortality associated with ARDS and
other heterogeneous lung diseases.
Bio: David W. Kaczka received the B.S. (summa cum laude),
M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in biomedical engineering from
Boston University College of Engineering in 1990, 1993, and
2000, respectively, and the M.D. degree from the Boston
University School of Medicine in 2000. He completed his
residency in anesthesiology at Johns Hopkins University in
2004. He has held previous faculty appointments with Johns
Hopkins University and Harvard Medical School. In 2014 he
became a Lunsford Fellow in Critical Care Medicine at the
University of Iowa, where he is currently an Associate Professor
of Anesthesia, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology. He has
United States Air Force Reserve. His current research interests
include computational modeling of respiratory mechanics and
gas exchange, design, and function of mechanical ventilators,
patient monitoring, and image processing. Dr. Kaczka is a
member of the American Thoracic Society, the Biomedical
Engineering Society, the American Society of Anesthesiologists,
the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, Tau Beta Pi, and Alpha Eta Mu Beta.
Track 4: Biomedical and Biotechnology
Engineering
4-1-2: BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING
Tuesday, November 12, 9:45AM–10:30AM
Room 155E,
Calvin L. Rampton Salt Palace Convention Center
Title:Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers on
Glass Substrates for Imaging, Sensing, and Therapy
(IMECE2019-12490)
Ömer Oralkan
NC State University, Raleigh, NC
Abstract: The capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer xxxvii
(CMUT) technology has been subject to extensive research
for the last two decades and recently reached to the market
for medical ultrasound imaging. This presentation will start
with a brief introduction of the CMUT and its merits in
comparison to other ultrasound transducers. This will be
followed by a discussion of using glass as a substrate to
enable improvements such as reduced process complexity
by using anodic bonding, reduced parasitic capacitance and
improved device reliability facilitated by the insulating
substrate, and optical transparency. Finally, a variety of
applications including multimodal imaging, ultrasound neural
stimulation, chemical and biological sensing, and display-
embedded air-coupled human-machine interfaces will be
presented to exemplify different systems that are implemented
by a combination of glass-based CMUTs, integrated frontend
circuits, and backend signal processing.
Bio: Ömer Oralkan received the B.S. degree from Bilkent
University, Ankara, Turkey, in 1995, the M.S. degree from
Clemson University, Clemson, SC, in 1997, and the Ph.D.
degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, in 2004,
all in electrical engineering.