• Indirect titrations: Sample (X) does not react with titrant (Y), therefore
chemical modification is done to the sample to be titrated with the
titrant.
Chemical reaction
Step 1: Sample (X) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ modified sample (XꞋ)
Step 2: Modified sample (XꞋ) # titrant (Y) using a suitable indicator.