Page 44 - phytotherapy_ EBOOK_2025

• The root is also contraindicated in patients who are in shock, have seizure risk, or suffer
from cardiovascular disorders.

Drug interactions
The emetic action of the roots may be delayed or diminished if given with or after charcoal.
Decreases in the absorption of paracetamol, tetracycline and aminophylline were observed
after concomitant administration of 20.0 ml of an aqueous extract of the roots.

Licorice root

Used as a demulcent in the treatment of sore throats, and as an expectorant in the treatment
of coughs and bronchial catarrh. Also in the prophylaxis and treatment of gastric and
duodenal ulcers, and dyspepsia.

Iceland lichen

Definition
It consists of the whole or cut dried thalli of Cetraria islandica (L.) Acharius s.l.
(Parmeliaceae).
Chemical constituents
Contains water-soluble polysaccharides (50%), primarily lichenin, a linear cellulose-like
polymer of β-D-glucose units, and isolichenin, an α-Dglucose polymer. Two glucans,
lichenan and isolichenan, have been isolated from the lichen Cetraria islandica, as well as
galactomannans. Major secondary metabolites include the lichen acids (depsidones),
fumarprotocetraric acid, protolichestearic acid and cetraric acids.

Medicinal uses
Used orally as a demulcent to treat inflammation and dryness of the pharyngeal mucosa.
Used orally for treatment of loss of appetite and nausea.

Milk thistle; Silybum

Definition
It consists of the dried ripe fruits, freed from the pappus, of Silybum marianum (L.)

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