Page 790 - Atlas of Creation Volume 1

very hard to present them as a "primitive species", yet all the findings indicate that they were no different from
a "robust" man walking on the street today. A prominent authority on the subject, Erik Trinkaus, a paleoanthro-
pologist from New Mexico University writes:
Detailed comparisons of Neanderthal skeletal remains with those of modern humans have shown that there is
nothing in Neanderthal anatomy that conclusively indicates locomotor, manipulative, intellectual, or linguistic
abilities inferior to those of modern humans. 87

Many contemporary researchers define Neanderthal man as a sub-species of contemporary man and call
him "Homo sapiens neandertalensis". The findings testify that Neanderthals buried their dead, fashioned musical
instruments, and had cultural affinities with the Homo sapiens sapiens living during the same period. To put it

precisely, Neanderthals are a "robust" human race that simply disappeared in time.

Homo Sapiens Archaic, Homo Heilderbergensis and Cro-Magnon Man

Archaic Homo sapiens is the last step before contemporary man in the imaginary evolutionary scheme. In
fact, evolutionists do not have much to say about these fossils, as there are only very minor differences between
them and today’s human beings. Some researchers even state that representatives of this race are still living

today, and point to native Australians as an example. Like Homo sapiens (archaic), native Australians also have
thick protruding eyebrows, an inward-inclined mandibular structure, and a slightly smaller cranial capacity.
The group characterised as Homo heilderbergensis in evolutionist literature is in fact the same as archaic
Homo sapiens. The reason why two different terms are used to define the same human racial type is the dis-
agreements among evolutionists. All the fossils included under the Homo heidelbergensis classification suggest

that people who were anatomically very similar to today’s Europeans lived 500,000 and even 740,000 years ago,
first in England and then in Spain.
It is estimated that Cro-Magnon man lived 30,000 years ago. He has a dome-shaped cranium and a broad

forehead. His cranium of 1,600 cc is above the average for contemporary man. His skull has thick eyebrow pro-
jections and a bony protrusion at the back that is characteristic of both Neanderthal man and Homo erectus.
Although the Cro-Magnon is considered to be a European race, the structure and volume of Cro-Magnon's
cranium look very much like those of some races living in Africa and the tropics today. Relying on this similarity,
it is estimated that Cro-Magnon was an archaic African race. Some other paleoanthropological finds have shown

that the Cro-Magnon and the Neanderthal races intermixed and laid the foundations for the races of our day.
As a result, none of these human beings were "primitive species". They were different human beings who
lived in earlier times and either assimilated and mixed with other races, or became extinct and disappeared

from history.

Species Living in the Same Age as Their Ancestors

What we have investigated so far forms a clear picture: The scenario of "human evolution" is a complete fic-
tion. In order for such a family tree to represent the truth, a gradual evolution from ape to man must have taken
place and a fossil record of this process should be able to be found. In fact, however, there is a huge gap be-

tween apes and humans. Skeletal structures, cranial capacities, and such criteria as walking upright or bent
sharply forward distinguish humans from apes. (We already mentioned that on the basis of research done in
1994 on the inner ear, Australopithecus and Homo habilis were reclassified as apes, while Homo erectus was reclas-
sified as a human being.)
Another significant finding proving that there can be no family-tree relationship among these different

species is that species that are presented as ancestors of others in fact lived concurrently. If, as evolutionists
claim, Australopithecus changed into Homo habilis, which, in turn, turned into Homo erectus, the periods they
lived in should necessarily have followed each other. However, there is no such chronological order to be seen

in the fossil record.
According to evolutionist estimates, Australopithecus lived from 4 million up until 1 million years ago. The
creatures classified as Homo habilis, on the other hand, are thought to have lived until 1.7 to 1.9 million years
ago. Homo rudolfensis, which is said to have been more "advanced" than Homo habilis, is known to be as old as
from 2.5 to 2.8 million years! That is to say, Homo rudolfensis is nearly 1 million years older than Homo habilis, of

788 Atlas of Creation