Page 47 - Practical Handout bio 2 mnu 2025_Neat

Level two – Semester 4 - PharmD Biochemistry-II PB-403 (Practical course) 2024/2025

Remember: Remember:
The Kidney Structure Hematuria can be:

Tubules
Glomerulus gross (visible blood

be the naked eye) or

microscopic

(detection of blood

Nephron by urine

microscopy.)

What are urinary casts?

• Aggregation of urinary particles such as cells, proteins, fat

etc.

• They are aggregated as tiny tubes as they are formed in the

tubules. (Think about renal tubules as a mold and the

urinary particles are poured into it).

• So, presence of casts in the urine specimen usually indicates

a kidney origin (As tubules are part of the kidney). And not

lower urinary tract origin like bladder.

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