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There is no “I’m at work” and   that will not happen.  feel some comfort when you say,   THE VIROLOGIST
        “I’m at home” anymore. The day   Kids can sense when you’re not   “You know what? I don’t know
        just blends together.   being real, so because they have   this, either.” They know you’re   PAUL DUPREX
        When I speak with other teach-  a lot of faith in you, you also have   being honest.   DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR
        ers, we’re like, “We would be   to show some sense of vulnera-  Putting on a brave face doesn’t   VACCINE RESEARCH,
        doing this right now.” Or a cal-  bility. They do expect you to   mean acting like everything is   UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
        endar alert will pop up about a   have the answers, but they also   normal. —As told to A. W.  Pittsburgh
        field trip that was supposed to                                                      95: Number of vaccine
        happen.  There are all these                                                        efforts worldwide
        reminders that these things                                                         10 TO 15 YEARS: Typical timeline for
                                  Leach documented the shutdown in
        aren’t happening. We’re griev-                                                      vaccine development
                                  spring of the Tulsa public elementary
        ing for the end of the school year   school where she teaches.                      12 TO 18 MONTHS: Goal for COVID-19
                                                                                            VIRUSES  ARE  BEAUTIFUL.
                                                                                            Viruses are biologically intriguing.
                                                                                            Viruses will always surprise us. I
                                                                                            love viruses. I respect viruses.
                                                                                            ALL THE GROUPS pursuing a
                                                                                            vaccine stay in touch via weekly
                                                                                            calls run by the World Health Orga-
                                                                                            nization. It’s wonderful. And you
                                                                                            know what? Good luck to every
                                                                                            one of them.
                                                                                            I LOVE THE FACT that it’s a race,
                                                                                            but I don’t care about winning. I
                                                                                            care about participating. Because
                                                                                            things that I learn along the way
                                                                                            might help something else get
                                                                     Duprex holds a
                                                                     culture plate containing    across the finish line.
                                                                     the Oropuche virus,
                                                                     from Trinidad and      IT’S NOT A VACCINE until it’s a
                                                                     Tobago, against an     product. If someone says they have
                                                                     image on his office wall
                                                                     of the poliovirus.     a vaccine right now, they don’t.
                                                                                            They have a vaccine candidate.
                                                                                            HOPE IS A REALLY important
                                                                                            word, actually. Overpromising and
                                                                                            not being honest about where
                                                                                            you’re at is one of the most repre-
                                                                                            hensible things a person can do.
                                                                                            B U T  A L S O,  W E  hope  that
                                                                                            humanity will solve this problem.
                                                                                            Hope drives us to be creative, col-
                                                                                            laborative, energetic, hardwork-




       NEA PIG. THAT’S KIND OF MY COMFORT ANIMAL.”






                                                                                            ing. And humanity has done it
                                                                     are able to contract the virus,
                        the
        We’ve been studying
                                                 The first tiger at the Bronx
                            very stressed, which compro-
    COURTESY SUBJECTS. ©WCS (MARKET). SOURCES FOR DATA  POINTS: EDUCATION WEEK, THE NEW YORK TIMES, TULSA   the field to a market and then   the trade chain. Such interac-  King. So the news got a lot      can transmit it back to us.   measles and polio.
                                                                                            before. We’ve eradicated dis-
                                                                     they develop a very mild sick-
                                                 Zoo tested positive a couple
        wildlife trade for more than a
                            mises its immune system. It
                                                                                            eases, such as smallpox. We have
        decade. We recently found
                                                 of weeks after the release
                            starts shedding viruses as it
                                                                     ness. There’s no indication
                                                                                            diseases under control, such as
                                                                     right now that cats, or dogs,
        that as you follow a rat from
                                                 of
                                                   this Netflix series Tiger
                            meets other animals along
                                                                                            I AM CONFIDENT that the sci-
                                                                     My father sent me a mes-
        into a restaurant, there’s an
                                                 of traction.
                            tions reassort these viruses,
                            create new ones. Then the
        increase in coronaviruses.
                                                 I haven’t seen the show.
                                                                                            entific community will come up
                                                                     sage when the news broke
                                                                     about Nadia: “I thought social
                                                                                            with a solution.
                            person who slaughters the
                                                 I’m European, so that it’s pos-
        Our hypothesis is that as
        the rat moves along, it gets
                            animal is exposed.
                                                 sible to privately own tigers,
                                                                     distancing from big cats was
                                                                                            BUT  I WON’T give false hope.
                                                                     the norm.” And that’s the point.
                                                 or any kind of wildlife—that’s
                                                                                            —As told to E. S.
                                                                     In the wild, if you’re closer than
                                                 just appalling.
                                                                     six feet to a tiger, the last of
                                                 At the moment, all research
      PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
                                                 indicates that while cats—
        “The commercial wildlife trade is quite
                                                 domesticated or otherwise—
        a good system to create new virus,” Walzer says.
                                                                     navirus. —As told to E. S.
                                                        59 SUMMER 2020  your worries will be the coro-
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