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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as its name suggests is a machine or application that is programmed to take decisions based on data stored by it or
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s i t u at i o n a n d t o p e r fo r m b o t h s i m p l e a n d c o m p l e x t a s k s w i t h o u t h u m a n i n t e r ve n t i o n .
These AI technologies are used in almost all the fields and professions. For example, in the medical field; to reduce surgeries, a robot is injected into
the bloodstream of the patient or the subject. This robot is AI programmed meaning it will take its own decisions. The robot chooses the best possible
route to reach its final destination. It also transmits back crucial information regarding the patient's body. This information helps in understanding

the disease or the location of a problem in the body. This is used by doctors and medicinal practitioners to study and learn more about the body.

These technologies are categorized into four types by Arnend Hintze. They are:

1) Reactive Machines- These AI programmed robots respond to certain actions. These actions can be gestures, sounds or touch. These machines do
not function by analysing earlier data, but by analysing the current situations or the commands given by the user. The best example for these types of
machines is the Deep Blue Chess program by IBM which defeated the chess champion Garry Kasporav. It functioned by analysing the positions of
chess pieces on the board and playing the most suitable move.

2) Limited Memory- These robots function by using past experiences stored by it. These robots require constant updates to keep functioning
smoothly. An example for this is the Alexa made by Google. It often provides notifications to the user. It gives notification which it deems appropriate.
It makes these decisions by using the past searches or requests y the user. Alexa is also a reactive machine.

3) Theory of Mind- These programmes can also be called psychological bots. These are programmed to understand human emotions or feelings and
respond appropriately to them. This technology is still not available. This is due to the fact that human emotions are very complex and sensitive. To
be able to program ability to understand human emotions in a machine is very difficult and requires a lot of experiments in different situations and a
very big budget.

4) Self-Awareness Robots- In the previous type of AI, the computer is taught to understand human emotions and feelings, but in this type the
computer itself has feelings. This is an enormous project requiring a lot of time and effort. The invention of these robots will be revolutionary.
People who stay away from their family and have to stay alone will get a companion. This will be a huge step in technological progress of humanity.

Krish Parekh

Grade 7

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