Page 46 - DILMUN NO 19
P. 46
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﻲ& ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ& ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﻱ
ﺑﻤﺎ
ﻭﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ :ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ،ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻤﻴﺌﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻤﺲ ،ﻭﺮﻃﺔﻓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻠﺰﺓ ،ﻭﺍﺐﻘﺜﻤﻟ
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﺲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺸﻜﺮﻱ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ ،ﻭﺍﺮﺨﻟﻖﻧ ﺑﻨﺖ
ﻫﻔﺎﻥ'
ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ٠ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮ،ﻃ 2ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻫﺮ:
ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻋﻲ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﺪﻘﺘﻟﻡ 2ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﻮﻥ ،ﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﺪﻗﻢﻬﻣ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻨﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ
ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺠﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺍﺻﻞ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺩﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ
ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻠﻤﺲ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺮﻃﻓﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺮﻧﻖ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻋﻤﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺰﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ ٠ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺮﻳﻭﺍﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﺲ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻍ ﺑﻌﺾ
ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪﻩ ٠ﻭﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺮﺓ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻻﺑﻁ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ
ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺮﻃﻓﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻤﺲ ،ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻠﺰﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺸﻜﺮﻱ'
ﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻔﻘﻮﻥ 2ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺍﺮﻟﺅﻯ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ٠ﻟﻘﺪ
ﻋﺮﻑ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ :ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺖ
ﻟﻐﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺍ ﻑ
ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ٠
ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻻﻑ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ،