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‫ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﻷﻟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎ ﻓﺀﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻗﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻷﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺒﻴﻮﺱ ‪ 2‬ﻧﺎﺑﻠﺲ ‪ 2‬ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺘﺮﺍﺑﻮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ‪ 2‬ﺮﻗﺎﻃﺝ‬

‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻧﻄﻮﻧﻴﻮﺱ ﺑﻴﻮﺱ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺧﺼﺺﻟﻹﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﻮﺗﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﻭﻍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻍ ﺳﺮﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻻأﻃﻴﻧﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺜﻻﺙ‬

‫ﻳﺨﻠﺪ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﻍ ﻋﺴﻘﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺘﻣﺄﺮﺧﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻨﺴﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ‪ 2‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻴﻨﺴﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻖﻃ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺁﻟﻬﺔ ﺫﻭ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻤﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﺥ (ﺩﻳﻮﺳﻜﻮﺭﻱ)‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ(ﺃﻮﻤﺷﻥ)‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻍ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺱ ﺃﺳﺲ ﻣﻌﺒﺪًﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻳﻮﺳﻜﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺎﺭﺍﻛﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﻷﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ‪، 2‬ﻋﺎﻡﻡ‪ 1900‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻠﻮ ﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻷﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻍ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻑ ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﻬﺮ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﻣﻊﺍﻷﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﺮﺍﺑﻮ ‪ 2‬ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﻮﺱ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎﻑ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ‪ 2‬ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﺑﻴﺮﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺟﺬﺍ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ‪ 2‬ﺳﻮﻟﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻹﻟﻬﺔ ﻫﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺿﺎﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻑ ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻷﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻧﻈﻢ‬

‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻥﻮﻤﺷ ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﺼﺎ ﻳﻠﺘﻒ ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺳﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 2‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﻟﻄﻘﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺄﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ‪ 2‬ﺟﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻍ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺷﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻻﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﻛﺎﺩﻳﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺳﻜﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬