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efficient the learning is carried out and ultimately causes student

learning outcomes to decline.
More specifically, Scanlan (Scanlan and L n.d.) suggests that media
can facilitate learning and improve understanding of learning materials.

It can be observed that the media can:
Attract attention, increase interest in learning, develop a learning

climate, and create acceptance of ideas and views.
b. The Nature of Learning Media
In its early development (and is still being followed), the term

learning media only revolves around teachers, chalk, and textbooks.
Learning media is more likely to be seen as a tool to convey learning.
Reiser and Dempsey (Reiser et al. 2012) view learning media as physical

equipment to present learning to students. This definition emphasizes
that any physical equipment used to present learning, whether textbooks,
visual equipment, audio, computers, or other equipment, is classified as

learning media.
Learning media includes all physical equipment and materials used

by instructors, lecturers, teachers, tutors, or other educators in carrying
out learning and facilitating the achievement of learning objectives. The
learning media in question include traditional media consisting of chalk,

handouts, diagrams, slides, overhead, tangible objects, video recordings,
films, and advanced media such as computers, DVDs, CD-ROMs, the

Internet, and interactive video conferencing (Scanlan and L n.d.) Gagne
and Briggs (1979: 175) also say that the actual mention of the media
used in learning media does not have a standard meaning. Sometimes the

media refers to the following terms:
1. Sensory mode is sensory organs driven by learning messages (eyes,
ears, etc.).

2. Channel of communication: the senses used in communication
(visual, auditory, tactile, kinesthetics, olfactory, and so on).