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From the percentage of differences in understanding

obtained through the various senses mentioned above, the media
design can be directed to optimize the use of learning media by
reading, listening, seeing, writing, speaking, and implementing.

This means that audio, visual, video, and interactive media, as
previously described, need to be developed to increase student's

knowledge, understanding, and creativity in acquiring knowledge.
2) Demands for a New
Paradigm, The new paradigm of education requires that

educators play a role not only in transferring knowledge to
students or simply memorizing but also as facilitators, learning
designers, mediators, and even managers in the classroom.

Students are expected to memorize, understand, and master the
learning content and to apply, analyse, evaluate, and even create
something needed in the real world. Merrill's learning principles,

which include demonstration, application, task-based principles,
activation, and integration, need to be used to build knowledge

from the real world, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 1. Merrill Learning Principles
The five phases are translated into principles, such as (1)
learning is facilitated when students are involved in task-cantered