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uses hardware in the teaching process. Audio-visual equipment enables
the projecting of live images, playback of sound, and viewing of large

visuals. Audio-visual learning is defined as the production and use of
materials related to visual and auditory learning that do not always have
to rely exclusively on understanding words and similar symbols.

In particular, audio-visual technology tends to have the following
characteristics:

1) is linear
2) Display dynamic visuals
3) Typically used in a predetermined way by the

designer/developer.
4) Tends to be a form of physical representation of natural and

abstract ideas.
5) Developed based on the principles of behavioural and
cognitive psychology.

6) Often centred on the teacher, paying less attention to the
learning interactivity of the learner.
c. Computer-Based Technology

Computer-Based technology is a way of producing and delivering
materials using devices based on microprocessors. Computer-based
technology displays information to students through displays on the

monitor screen. Various computer applications are usually called
"computer-based instruction (CBI)", "computer-assisted instruction

(CAI"), or "computer-managed instruction (CMI)".
These applications were almost entirely based on behavioural
theory and programmed learning but are now more heavily on cognitive

theory. These applications can be:
1) Tutorial, central learning is given,

2) Practice and repetition to help learners develop fluency in
previously studied material,