Page 211 - PG 504-theoretical notes-phyto-1-2024-2025..

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

Borneol occurs in the oil of Dryobalanops camphora (Borneo Camphor يناويات روفاك(
indigenous to Borneo and Sumatra and present in some other oils as citronella, coriander & pine
Bornyl acetate also occurs in pine oil while isoborneol is an artifact obtained during oil
preparation and usually obtained in industry by organic synthesis and during preparation of
borneol. Borneol is called Borneo-camphor.

-To separate a mixture of borneol and isoborneol:

CuO/ O OH
H
Oxidation Reduction
OH

Camphor
Borneol Borneol
Isoborneol

OH

H Dehydration

ZnCl /benzene
2
Isoborneol
Camphene

Borneol usually occurs with camphor, this mixture can be resolved by many methods:-
1- Depend on the fact that borneol stearate is poorly volatile while comphor is volatile.
This mixture is treated with stearic anhydride and heated for 3 hours to get borneol stearate.
Steam distillation gives camphor, while borneol can be regenerated from its ester by alkaline
hydrolysis, (borneol benzaote, also, could be used).

2- Camphor can be converted to its oxime which can be extracted from the mixture by
shaking with dil. H2SO4.

3-Sesquiterepene alcohols:

1-Partheniol:

Occur as: Free

Guaylin A “eater of cinnamic acid”

Guaylin B “ester of p-methoxy benzoic acid”

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