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the  most  widely used  systems  for  measuring self-esteem.  The

            Rosenberg   test   usually   uses   a   ten-question   battery  scored

            on   a   four-point response system that  requires participants  to


            indicate  their  level  of  agreement  with  a  series  of  statements

            about themselves.


                The Coopersmith Inventory uses a 50 question battery over

            a variety of topics and asks subjects whether they rate someone


            as similar or dissimilar to themselves.

                Rosenberg (1965, 1979) and Coopersmith (1967) were the


            first researchers to develop theories of self-esteem as a significant

            personality construct grounded in empirical methods (Guindon,


            2010: 7).

                Rosenberg’s  Self-Esteem  (RSE)  scale  (Rosenberg,  1965)


            is  a  10-item  self-report  measure  of  global  self-esteem.  Items

            are  rated  from  strongly  disagree  (1)  to  strongly  agree  (4).


            Scores  range  from  10  to  40,  with  higher  scores  indicating

            higher self-esteem. Five of the items are worded positively and

            five are worded negatively.






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