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They reasoned that if the collective is an important aspect
of the self, the evaluation of the collective aspects of the self
along with the evaluation of one’s ethnic identity should be
related to one’s psychological well-being. This would apply
especially for those individuals who consider their collective
or ethnic identity important to their self-concept (Crocker et al.,
in Gaspard 2010: 39).
c. Home and Parent Self-Esteem
Coopersmith in Guindon (2010: 80) emphasized the role of
parents in the development of self-esteem among young
children, and parental factors such as parenting style have been
linked to self-esteem development. He argued that parental
self-esteem impacted self-esteem development in young
children through social learning processes (Coopersmith in
Guindon 2010: 80).
Coopersmith was one of the first to emphasize the key
role of parents in the development of self-esteem. He
concluded that four qualities of their behavior towards their
children would be crucial. These were:
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