Page 124 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

1990) than those of mechanics and text length. The scale used for the

measurement ranged from 1 to 4. The test was done for 50 minutes with10

minutes for planning.

4) Techniques of Data Analysis

The data collected in this research were obtained from various sources:

educational experts, lecturers, and students. The data are in the form of

quantitative data and qualitative data:

a) Quantitative Analysis

1) Validity and Reliability of the instruments

The researcher validates the effectiveness of the multipurpose

assessment model by implementing the component instruments at each

stage of learning writing skills. The researcher used several data

analysis techniques to reach the validity and reliability of the model's

instrument. She employed the formula built by (Aiken, 1985) to

validate the content of the instruments of a multipurpose instrument

method as follows;

V=(∑s)/(n(c-1))

V = index of rater agreement regarding item validity

s = score assigned by each rater minus the lowest score

n = number of raters

c = number of categories the rater can choose

119