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Figure 10. Classroom action research cycle by Kemmis and McTaggar

The current study adapted the CAR procedure by integrating the GBA-TBI and

FCA learning cycle and combining it with the multipurpose assessment model.

In the first stage, the researcher developed the intervention strategy based on

the identification of the problem through preliminary research. The planning

stage was integrated into the design phase of the design-based cycle. After

formulating the problem-solving strategy, the researcher subsequently

developed the model components. Therefore, the term "action" refers to the

implementation of the intervention.

The intervention was implemented by utilizing the multipurpose

assessment model within the learning cycle of GBA-TBI in a blended learning

format, as depicted in Figure 10. The objective of the intervention is to assess

the components of the model that have been verified for their content validity,

readability, and item fit. This suggests that the assessment process is integrated

into the action phase. Subsequently, throughout the implementation of the

intervention, the observer engaged in the act of observation. The intervention

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