Page 150 - BAB I-V ADATMINANG

developed, then a middle way emerges with the opinion that besides children who are born
they have potential too. can be influenced by the environment outside himself (educated).
Besides theory, a clear difference from the schools of education above can be
seen in the method (methodology) of developing students. The methodology used in this theory
of nativism is a liberal method, namely the granting of complete freedom to students. This has
the impact that students will develop in a way that is in accordance with the innate factors that
exist within themselves and are associated with their natural environment. The most important
thing in this flow is the minimal intervention (intervention) in education provided by educators.
Even extreme groups view education as unnecessary, children can develop on their own and
let nature shape it. However, this can be challenged by education experts, because nature is
not always friendly and also not patterned in the formation of education so there is a possibility
of children slipping off the rails of education. For groups who view the liberal method as less
extreme, students are still given freedom, even though the role of educators is relatively small.
In the theory of empiricism, John Locke said that a child born is described as
a white paper that does not yet contain potential. The methodology used in this theory in an
orthodox way is a methodology related to the intervention of the dominant role of educators
on a student so that in the extreme it can be said that the educational method is dictatorial
which does not involve the innate factors of students. In this case the educator is centric and
very decisive.
In the theory of convergence, William Stern, the development of an individual
is determined by a combination of two elements, namely innate elements and external factors.
Therefore, the methodology used here is a methodology that has a balance between innate and
external factors, which is called the democratic method. In this method, the focus of attention
is the students and educators. Students are seen from innate potential: talent, desire and will.
On the other hand, educators are facilitators and also have a compulsion to things that are very
principal and misleading.

In terms of Minang customs, there is a belief that if a child makes a mistake,
the first response given by the community is “whose child is that” or “who is the father”. This
question has two meanings, the first means that it is not known who the parents of the child
are, and the second has a connotative meaning, as if the question already contains an answer,
in which the child's parents are known to have bad character.
The incident above shows that, if a father is often seen by his child as
committing disgraceful acts or morals, then his son will also do the same thing. Conversely, if