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292 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

(˘Ù)
π—°Õ—°…√»“ μ√å«à“‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë ùπà“‡°≈’¬¥,û ‰¡à§«√π”¡“„™â„π¿“…“μ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬‡≈¬.
(˘ı)
§”∑’Ë ¡§«√„™â·∑π§◊Õ: ù...X or Y or both of themû. À√◊Õ ùsoldiers or sailors
(˘ˆ)
or bothû. «≈’∑—Èß Õßπ’ȇªìπ¿“…“ª√–‡¿∑øíß™—Ëπ‡π‘≈ Õ‘ß≈‘™. Õπ÷Ëß πà“ —߇°μ«à“„π°ÆÀ¡“¬
≈—°…≥–Õ“≠“©∫—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…π—Èπ ∫∑√–«“ß‚∑…∂◊Õμ“¡«≈’π’ȧ◊Õ: ùshall be punished

with imprisonment not exceeding .... or fine not exceeding..., or bothû. ·≈–
∂âÕ¬§”„π©∫—∫¿“…“‰∑¬¡’«à“:

ùμâÕß√–«“ß‚∑…®”§ÿ°‰¡à‡°‘π... À√◊Õª√—∫‰¡à‡°‘π... À√◊Õ∑—Èß®”∑—Èߪ√—∫û. ∫∑√–«“ß‚∑…
„πª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“≠“°Á‰¥â∂◊Õμ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬≈—°…≥–Õ“≠“∑ÿ°ª√–°“√. ∂âÕ¬§”«à“

ùÀ√◊Õ-À√◊Õ-À√◊Õ∑—Èß-∑—Èßû, ®–‰¡à√—¥°ÿ¡·≈–‡À¡“– ¡°«à“§”«à“ ù·≈–À√◊Õû, À√◊Õ?

°“√„™â»—æ∑å¿“…“μà“ߪ√–‡∑»„π»“≈

Õπ÷Ëß μ“¡ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬«‘∏’æ‘®“√≥“§«“¡·æàß¡“μ√“ Ùˆ ∫—≠≠—μ‘«à“∫√√¥“

°√–∫«πæ‘®“√≥“‡°’ˬ«¥â«¬°“√æ‘®“√≥“·≈–°“√™’È¢“¥μ—¥ ‘𧥒„Àâ∑”‡ªìπ¿“…“‰∑¬.
·¡â°√–π—Èπ°Á¥’, ¡—°®–ª√“°Ø‡ ¡Õ«à“, ¡’°“√°≈à“«§”„π¿“…“μà“ߪ√–‡∑»·∑√°∫â“߇ªìπ

§√—Èߧ√“«. ‡√◊ËÕßπ’È∑à“π»“ μ√“®“√¬åæ√–¬“π‘μ‘»“ μ√å‰æ»“≈¬å„Àâ¢âÕ·π–π”«à“:

ùÕ’°¢âÕÀπ÷Ëߢâ“懮ⓢՇμ◊Õπ«à“‰¡à§«√Õÿμ√‘„™â§”¿“…“μà“ߪ√–‡∑»´÷Ëß∑à“π
‰¡à‡¢â“„®§”·ª≈Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ∂÷ß·¡â∑à“π®–‡¢â“„®§”·ª≈¥’ ∂â“¡’§”·ª≈∑’Ë„™â‰¥â‡À¡“–

‡∑à“°—π¢â“懮⓰Á¬—߇ÀÁπ«à“§«√„™â§”‰∑¬ ‡æ√“–‡√“‡ªìπ‰∑¬ »“≈°Á»“≈‰∑¬ ‰¡à§«√‡Õ“
(˘˜)
¿“…“Õ◊Ëπ¡“„™â‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ œ≈œû

(˘Ù)
Sir Alison Russell, Legislative Drafting and Forms (4th ed., London: Butterworths,
1938), p. 101,
(˘ı)
Fowlerûs Modern English Usage, revised by Sir Ernest Gowers (2nd ed.; London:
Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 29.
(˘ˆ)
Sir Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words (5th imp.; London: H.M.S.O., 1958),
(˘˜)
æ√–¬“π‘μ‘»“ μ√å‰æ»“≈¬å: çÀ≈—°°“√«à“§«“¡é, π‘μ‘»“ μ√å, ªï∑’Ë ÚÚ, ‡≈à¡ Ú, °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å,
Àπâ“ Ò˘ı-Ò˘ˆ.