Page 270 - Q24 -

√«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√ 257

°“√∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ√Ÿâ°ÆÀ¡“¬‚¥¬‰¡à¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ª√–®”„®π—Èπ‡ªìπÕ—πμ√“¬μàÕ —ߧ¡ „π∫“ß°√≥’Õ“®

®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬μ°‡ªìπÕ“«ÿ∏„π¡◊Õ‚®√°Á‡ªìπ‰¥â π—°»÷°…“°ÆÀ¡“¬æ÷ß
μ√–Àπ—°«à“:

π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬®—°μâÕ߇§“√æ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·μàπ—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈∑—Ë«‰ª®—°μâÕß

‡§“√æπ—Èπ®—°μâÕ߇§“√æ∑—Èß°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–»’≈∏√√¡ ·≈–π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ëπ—°°ÆÀ¡“¬
¥â«¬°—π‡Õß®—°‡§“√æπ—Èπ®—°μâÕ߇§“√æ∑—Èß°ÆÀ¡“¬ »’≈∏√√¡ ·≈–®√‘¬∏√√¡·Ààß«‘™“™’æ

°ÆÀ¡“¬

®√‘¬∏√√¡·Ààß«‘™“™’æ°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß·μà≈– “¢“¡’ª√–°“√„¥ ¬àÕ¡·≈â«·μàÕߧå°√

À√◊Õ ∂“∫—π«‘™“™’æ∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬„π “¢“«‘™“™’æπ—ÈπÊ ®–‡ªìπºŸâ°”À𥂥¬
∫—≠≠—μ‘¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ≈“¬≈—°…≥åÕ—°…√ À√◊Õ¬Õ¡√—∫π—∫∂◊Õ‡ªìπª√–‡æ≥’∂◊ժؑ∫—μ‘μàÕÊ °—π¡“

‡™àπ ∑𓬧«“¡°Á¡’∫∑∫—≠≠—μ‘¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫¡√√¬“∑¢Õß∑𓬧«“¡ ·≈–
¢â“√“™°“√ΩÉ“¬μÿ≈“°“√°Á¡’ª√–¡«≈®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√ΩÉ“¬μÿ≈“°“√ ‡ªìπÕ“∑‘

‡√◊ËÕߢÕß®√‘¬∏√√¡·Ààß«‘™“™’æ°ÆÀ¡“¬π’È à«π„À≠à∫—≠≠—μ‘¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ¬Õ¡√—∫‡ªìπ

ª√–‡æ≥’ªØ‘∫—μ‘ ◊∫μàÕ°—π¡“ ‰¡à«à“ “¢“„¥°Á ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¡‚π∏√√¡ (conscience)
¢ÕߺŸâª√–°Õ∫«‘™“™’æ„π “¢“π—ÈπÊ ´÷ËßÀ≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß°Á‡À¡◊Õπ°—π º¡„§√à¢Õ‡ πÕ·π–¡‚π∏√√¡

Û ª√–°“√ ”À√—∫π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑ÿ° “¢“ °≈à“«§◊Õ

ª√–°“√·√° §«“¡°≈â“„π«‘™“™’æ (moral courage)

ª√–°“√∑’Ë Õß §«“¡‡§“√æ„π —®®∏√√¡
ª√–°“√∑’Ë “¡ §«“¡ ÿ¢ÿ¡·≈–∂’Ë∂â«π

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π‡√◊ËÕ߇À≈à“π’Ⱥ¡‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‰«â·≈â«„π çÀπ—ß ◊Õ§”·π–π”π—°»÷°…“
°ÆÀ¡“¬é ∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ߢâ“ßμâπ „π∫∑∑’Ë Õß ç®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–¡‚π∏√√¡·Ààß«‘™“™’æ°ÆÀ¡“¬é
Àπâ“ Úˆı-Ú˜ „π∑’Ëπ’Ⱥ¡„§√à¢Õ°≈à“«∂÷߇©æ“–„π·ß৫“¡°≈â“„π«‘™“™’æ¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å

ºŸâ Õπ«‘™“°ÆÀ¡“¬‡∑à“π—Èπ§◊Õ Õ“®“√¬åºŸâ Õπ§«√®–¡’§«“¡°≈â“·≈–¡’„®π—°‡≈ßæÕ

∑’Ë®–· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπμà“ßÊ „πªí≠À“¢âÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬„π‡™‘ß·¬â߉¥â ∂â“μπ‰¡à‡ÀÁπæâÕߥ⫬
°—∫§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß»“≈À√◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâÕ◊Ëπ∑—Èßπ’ÈÀ“°°√–∑”¥â«¬§«“¡§“√«– ÿ®√‘μ„® ÿ¿“æ
πÿà¡π«≈Õ¬Ÿà„π°√Õ∫¢Õߪ√–‡æ≥’∑’Ë∑”°—π¡“ ·≈–„π°√≥’∑’Ë»‘…¬å≈–‡¡‘¥°Æ¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫¢Õß

∂“∫—π»÷°…“°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á¥’ ≈–‡¡‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß∫â“π‡¡◊Õß°Á¥’ Õ“®“√¬å Õπ«‘™“°ÆÀ¡“¬

μâÕß°≈â“μ—°‡μ◊Õπ·≈–μâÕß°≈â“≈ß‚∑…∑“ß«‘π—¬μ“¡§«√·°àæƒμ‘°“√≥å·Ààß°√≥’¥â«¬