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to work" (e.g., the United States), while in others, people "work to
live" (e.g., Australia, and France). Culture also determines
attitudes towards leisure, travel habits, travel frequency and
season, preferred accommodation, sources of information used,
spending patterns, length of stay, and destination selection. For
example, tourists from the United States and Europe prefer to
travel alone, while tourists from Asia prefer to travel in groups.
14. Time. Culture determines the attitude towards time. In some
cultures people pay great attention to punctuality (for example,
German). While in other cultures, people don't care about time,
they organize their lives based on the rising and setting of the sun,
based on winter, spring, summer, or autumn. For example,
Indians or Latin Americans, accept and excuse if others are late
for appointments or do not follow a predetermined time
schedule.
15. Cognitive knowledge. Culture is a system of cognitive
knowledge, classifications, and categories that exist in the human
mind and are shaped by the human brain. Culture is often
described as the collective programming of the mind, which
distinguishes members of one group from another (Hofstede,
1991). For example, the rules for human behavior are determined
by culturally patterned thoughts.
16. Mental processes and learning. Culture is about how people
organize and process information, how they learn and adapt to
their surroundings, and how they suffer from not learning certain
information or not adapting to new circumstances. For example,
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