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some cultures favor directness, logic, cognition, and intellectual

skills (e.g., German), others emphasize circular logic,

conceptualization, abstract thinking, and emotional

communication (e.g., Japanese).
17. Information and communication. Culture is information, and

information is communication. Thus, culture is a communication

system that uses verbal and non-verbal cues that distinguish one

group from another. Language is a guide to communication and
culture. Language helps transmit human values, beliefs,

perceptions and norms. Language facilitates the development of

attitudes and perceptions towards the world. Differences in

language and verbal cues give rise to different ways of expressing

beliefs, values, and perceptions. Non-verbal cues, such as
gestures or body language, are also culturally different. For

example, in some cultures, it is normal to interrupt a discussion

(e.g., Brazil), but in others, it is considered rude (e.g., Japan). So,

different cultures have different communication systems. In some

societies people speak several major languages (for example, in
Switzerland people speak German, Italian, and French). In one

language group. There may be various dialects, slang, jargon, or

accents. People who speak the same language with the same

accent or jargon distinguish them from others.

18. Symbols and meanings. Culture is a system of symbols,
meanings, ideas, and emotions that influence a person's

experience. Members of the same culture rely on the same

symbols (e.g., letters, signs) to frame their thoughts, expressions,

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