Page 48 - PPW (Paper Proposal Writing)

Excerpt 1 Excerpt 2
In their study, Andreassen et al. (2014) found Aloraini & Cardoso (2018) highlighted that
that addiction to social networking sites was social media exposes students to English and
increasing among users with more hours of allows them to continue to hone their language
employment than normal, male users, younger skills
users, and more educated users
Excerpt 3 Excerpt 4
Jalal’s (2012) study discovered that that privacy According to another report, Iranian university
concerns have become the most concerning students were at high risk of developing an
thing while students use social media because addiction to smartphones, which was
they still do not know what their individual‟ associated with negative academic
information is used for. performance (Alosaimi et al. 2016).

Excerpt 5 Excerpt 6
In a survey conducted among students at an Studies investigating the roles of social media
Omani university, AlBarashdi and Aldhafri (2019) discovered that, in addition to giving students a
did not find statistically significant differences place to interact with the English-speaking
between the genders regarding their addiction to world, social media can help lower students'
social networking sites. affective filters. Negative psychological
elements that have a significant impact on a
student's language learning process include
anxiety, lack of motivation, boredom, and
irritation (Zayed & Al-Ghamdi, 2019)

Vocabulary

Signal Phrases for Citing Others’ Work

Study the following explanation about signal phrases for citing others’ work.

Function Verbs
Neutral in meaning according to, comment, describe, note, state, acknowledge, define,
discuss, point out

Indicating what the assume, consider, recognize, believe, hypothesize, think
author’s thinking
Indicating that the author confirm, prove, validate, establish, substantiate, verify
is proving something
Indicating what the analyze, estimate, examine, investigate, study, apply, evaluate, find,
author did observe
Indicating that the author demonstrate, illustrate, present, explain, indicate, show
is showing something
Indicating the author’s argue, claim, emphasize, recommend, suggest, assert, defend, maintain,
position on an issue reject support, challenge, doubt, put forward, refute

40 Paper Proposal Writing