Page 25 - FREN-C2021 PROCEEDINGS

Externally, with the imposition of new policies related to limitation for movement and gathering of
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individuals since 17 March 2020, several additional orders were issued by INTIM head office and
top management:
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i. Surat Arahan KPPA (JPA SARAAN (S) 256/6/31 JLD.6 (2)) dated 17 March 2020 related to
the order of Work from Home and the closure of all Government Premises due to Movement
Control Order (MCO) (External Factor from Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam (JPA).
ii. INTAN internal Memo for the closure of all INTAN Campuses including INTIM until further
notice due to COVID-19 pandemic (Internal Factor from INTIM’s Head Office in Kuala
Lumpur).

All these factors have forced INTIM to take a further step to cope up with the closure.

Type of Changes
Based on my observation, even though there are five types of changes (Item No. 1, subs. B above),
what happened in INTIM is more related to transformational changes which involve a simultaneous
shift in operational strategy and process (Tim Stobierski, 2020). By the nature of the change, it has
caused a substantial amount of time and energy to take effect as the process of adapting to the change
involves a certain level of resistance including the reluctant of some lecturers to support the change
for example from normal face to face classroom to online classroom due to technical aspect of their
subject matter that requires physical interaction.

Change Forces in INTIM
With regards to INTIM, the change forces of INTIM’s operations during MCO can be divided into
two types of forces and external forces. The detail is as follows:

i. External Forces
Besides COVID-19 as the first force of change in INTIM operation, changes in government policies
following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic have become the second force for the change in
INTIM operation. These changes include Movement Control Order and limitation of gathering among
individuals (COVID-19.moh.gov.my, 2021). Following the government policies changes, JPA and
INTIM head office has issued several orders that become the third forces to change in INTIM. The
orders are related to INTIM training operation and administration such as the closure of the campus,
changes in the method of communication and change in method for training and courses delivery and
administration system that include changes from face to face or physical interaction environment to
the online classroom using either Google Meet or Zoom Meeting Application.

ii. Internal Forces
With the new method of teaching (online), another fourth force of change arisen which relates to the
requirement to satisfy the participants need for effective training delivery. The situation has forced
INTIM to make several other additional amendments in its training syllabus such as changing its
practical and visiting/touring syllabus to an online case study session which discusses the practical
scenario of each theory delivered and shorten the period of each course from its standard period for
example from 4 days course is being compressed to 2 days online courses. Online training and course
delivery have also become the fifth force of changes in INTIM when it challenges the way the
administration and management of participants where there is no physical contact are involved. The
administration and management of each training and course are referring to operations such as
registration of participants, announcement and communication during pre and post-training or courses
session. At this point, INTIM has fully used the WhatsApp Group application function to gather all
participants in a temporary online group discussion channel for participants administration and
management procedures. In addition, to ensure each participant is participating in each class, each

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