Page 49 - Hand rearing birds second

Development and
Species Feet (Tarsus/toes) Weight (g) Integument Beak / Mouth Vocalizations Other
RAILS (Rallidae): Anisodactyl toe arrangement; some (e.g. coots) are semilobate, others not. Precocial young.
Virginia Rail Fuscous (or dusky Hatch: 5–5.8 Down: glossy black, bare Bill: pale pink, dark Young chicks pee‐eep, Fed by parents 1st
(Rallus limicola) brown), adult size on crown. Wings have band around center, then calls (1–2 3–7 d or up to 21 d.
3–4 wk. Adult: 84.1 claws. Able to walk almost widens as chick syllables) become Leave nest: 3–4 d
grows.
post‐hatch, may
immediately, swim same
more intense when
Refs: 1, 7, 9 day as hatch. separated from family return for a few
(bna.173) members. days.
American Coot Very large, Hatch: 19–22 Down: thick, black. Tips of Bill: orange‐red to 4 call types of captive Quickly mobile but
(Fulica greenish‐gray or down “stiff, curly, and blood‐red at base, raised chicks: twitter, fed by adults at
americana) blackish‐gray, and Adult: F: 560, hair‐like,” long and orange with black tip and wit‐ou, squawk, and first. Somewhat
lobed on each toe M: 724 on dorsum and wings, white egg tooth. By yeow. self‐feeding by 8 d,
Refs: 1, 7 joint. short and yellow on 15 d bill bright seldom fed after 28
(bna.697a) ventrum. Ruff of “wirelike” orange‐red. d. Joint (pollex) on
down encircles neck. wing that bears the
Crown is scarlet with little alula has 1 mm
down. Skin above eyes claw. Fly at 75 d.
blue. By 15 d, colored body
plumes are gone. Full adult
plumage 50–60 d.
CRANES (Gruidae): Anisodactyl toe arrangement. Precocial young.
Sandhill Crane Long legs, yellowish Hatch: 114.2 Down: thick, fully covered Narrow, beige‐pink, 3 calls: pipping, (trills Eyes: dark umber
(Antigone or pinkish. Short (including crown), rusty darkening toward and peeps), contact or gray.
canadensis) hallux higher than Adult: 2982–5797 brown color, grayish‐white tip. (high‐pitched yelp), A few hours after
plane of other toes. (subspecies vary) underparts. Dark mark in and stress (slurred hatch able to sit on
Refs: 1, 7 front of eye. Dark brown notes that are loud and hocks and stand
rapid).
on upper back (diamond‐
(bna.31) shaped) and on rump. (weakly). Leaves
nest and begins
feeding next day.
(Continued)

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