Page 1050 - The Toxicology of Fishes

1030 The Toxicology of Fishes

glucocorticoid-response elements (GREs), 616 glutathione S-transferase, 160, 190–199, 208, 209,
glucocorticoids, 204, 286, 460, 474 212, 280, 288, 302, 352, 369, 511, 540, 576,
gluconeogenesis, 350 606, 607, 609, 614, 620, 692–693, 694, 712
glucose, 283, 330, 406, 410, 425, 474 activity of in Atlantic Wood mummichogs,
glucose oxidase, 277 619
glucose regulation, 83 –AFBO activity, 212
glucose-1-phosphate, 184 alpha-class, 191, 193, 194, 196
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 286, 338, 342 –CDNB activity, 196, 197, 198
glucuronic acid, 85, 185 gene (GSTA), 189, 192, 194, 195, 198, 289
β-glucuronidase, 986 induction, 198, 205
glucuronidation, 183, 184, 187, 188, 190, 200, as xenobiotic biomarker, 198
209, 212, 352 inhibition of, 199
glucuronide, 186, 208, 212, 213, 352, 369, 540, isoforms, 301, 692
542 isozymes, 193, 194
conjugates, 86, 120 microsomal, 305
thyroid, 189 overexpression of, 608
β-glucuronide, 185 pi-class, 191, 192, 194, 198, 209
C-glucuronide, 185 regulation of, 197–198
N-glucuronide, 185 Rho-class, 192
O-glucuronide, 185 theta-class, 191, 192, 196, 212
S-glucuronide, 185 glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP), 258
glucuronyl conjugates, 362 glyceraldehyde, 277
glucuronyltransferase, 542 glycine, 206, 360, 361, 421, 422, 424, 427, 444,
glutamate, 258, 281, 421, 422, 424, 441 445
glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), 280, 281, 288, conjugates, 205
304 glycochenodeoxycholic (GCDC), 365
glutamate receptors, 441 glycogen, 349
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, 288 depletion, 374
γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS), 280 phosphorylase, 349
γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, 280 glycogenolysis, 330
glutaredoxin, 283, 286 glycoprotein, 279, 458, 476
glutathione, 80, 85, 86, 194, 196, 212, 280, 283, plasma, 79
294, 296, 300, 301, 303, 305, 371, 540, 607, glycosylase, 546
693 glycosylation, 183
acetaminophen, and, 296 glyphosate, 504, 505
conjugates, 85, 208, 362 gnathostomes, 490
conjugation, 196, 209, 352 Gobio gobio, 978, 979–980
depletion, 304 goblet cells, 69, 75, 76
in trout liver, 370 goby (Gillichthys mirabilis), 252
metabolites, 540 gold mining, 36, 440, 780, 781
metallothionein, and, 690 golden ide, 338
mitochondrial, 308 golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas),
redox balance, 281 chemical resistance, 609
scavenging of, 286 goldfish, 18, 76, 82, 214
synthesis/maintenance of, 280–281 Carassius auratus, 179, 561
glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 280, 281, 294, 305, 17β-estradiol, and, 987
694 avoidance/attraction responses in, 442
glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), 279–280, 283, copper, and, 502
293, 294, 300, 301, 302, 305, 308, 607, 694 graft-vs.-host reaction, and, 497
mitochondrial, 308 insecticides, and, 433
glutathione reductase, 281, 286, 294, 295, 305, Cyprinus carpio, see carp: Cyprinus carpio
607, 693, 694 food fugacity in, 129
inhibitors, 300 luteinizing hormone secretion in, 462