Page 19 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

xviii Contents

VetBooks.ir Toxicokinetics 629 Toxicopathology of Petroleum and Oilfield 664
Chemicals
664
Regional Gas Dose Ratios for Human Risk
Clinical Pathology
Assessment Based on Animal Data
632
Extrapolating Duration of Exposure for Pulmonary Pathology of Petroleum 664
Human Risk Assessment 632 Hepatic Pathology of Petroleum 665
Specific Toxic Gases 633 Gastrointestinal Pathology of Petroleum 665
Carbon Monoxide 633 Renal Pathology of Petroleum 666
Hydrogen Sulfide 635 Nervous System Pathology of Petroleum 666
Oxides of Nitrogen (Silo Filler’s Disease) 637 Cardiac Pathology of Petroleum 666
Gaseous Ammonia 639 Pathological Effects of Petroleum in Embryos 666
Smoke Inhalation 640 Toxicology of Sour Petroleum 666
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 642 Experimental Studies on Hydrogen Sulfide 668
References 642 Pathology of Hydrogen Sulfide 668
Further Reading 645 Exposure to Environmental Sulfur 668
Toxicology of Sulfur Dioxide in Cattle 668
49. Alcohols and Glycols Analytical Toxicology 669
Differential Diagnosis 669
Szabina Stice, Mary A. Thrall and Epidemiological Studies: Cattle 670
Dwayne W. Hamar Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 671
References 671
Introduction 647
Background 647 51. Polychlorinated Biphenyls,
Alcohol Toxicoses 647
Ethanol Toxicosis 647 Polybrominated Biphenyls,
Methanol Toxicosis 649 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins,
Isopropanol Toxicosis 649 and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
Glycol Toxicoses 650
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Matthew C. Valdez,
Propylene Glycol Toxicosis 650
Jae-Ho Yang and Margarita Curras-Collazo
Butylene Glycol Toxicosis 650
Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis 651 Introduction 675
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 655 Historical Background 676
References 655 Sources 676
Environmental Fate 677
50. Petroleum Exposure 677
Toxicokinetics 678
Robert W. Coppock and Ralph G. Christian PCBs and PBBs 678
Introduction 659 PCDDs and PCDFs 679
Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Completing 659 Toxicity 679
Drilling 659 Male Reproductive Effects 679
Fracking 659 Female Reproductive Effects 680
Sources of Toxic Substances 659 Developmental and Teratogenic Effects 680
Air Emissions 660 Neuroendocrine Effects 681
Flowback and Produced Water 660 Neurobehavioral Effects 682
Well Rework 660 Mechanism of Action 683
Sumps 660 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 686
Selected Toxic Substances 661 Acknowledgments 686
Antihydrates and Antifreezes 661 References 686
Grease and Motor Oil 661
Veterinary Medical Use of Petroleum 661 52. Brominated Flame Retardants and
Toxicology of Petroleum 661 Perfluorinated Chemicals
Ingestion of Petroleum by Livestock 661
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Matthew
Clinical Signs and Pathology Observed
C. Valdez and Nobuyoshi Yamashita
in Field Incidents 662
Experimental Studies 663 Introduction 691