Page 20 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

Contents xix

691
VetBooks.ir Background 693 54. Aquatic Toxicology
Physicochemical Properties
693
Robert W. Coppock and P. Nick Nation
Brominated Flame Retardants
Perfluorinated Compounds 694 Introduction 733
Toxicokinetics 694 Background 733
Brominated Flame Retardants 694 Water Safety 733
Perfluorinated Compounds 696 Nitrogen Cycle 734
Mechanism of Action and Toxicity 696 Ammonia 734
2
Brominated Flame Retardants 696 Nitrite (NO ) 735
2
2
Perfluorinated Compounds 700 Nitrate (NO ) 735
3
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 702 Chlorine 736
Acknowledgments 702 Metals 736
References 702 Copper 736
Methylmercury 736
Mycotoxins 737
Fumonisins and Moniliformin 737
Section X Ochratoxins 737
Avian and Aquatic Toxicology Trichothecenes 737
Zearalenone 737
53. Avian Toxicology Aflatoxins 738
Contaminants in Aquaculture Fish 738
Arya Sobhakumari, Robert H. Poppenga
Acoustic Pollution and Fish 738
and Snehal Tawde
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 738
Introduction 711 References 738
Environment as a Toxicological Risk
Factors in Birds 711
Physiologic Differences of Birds Relevant Section XI
to Toxicology 711 Bacterial and Cyanobacterial Toxins
General Comments About Diagnosing
Avian Intoxications 712 55. Botulinum Neurotoxins
Natural Toxicants 712
Rhian B. Cope
Algal Toxins 712
Plants 713 Introduction 743
Mycotoxins 713 Serotypes of Veterinary Significance 743
Aflatoxins 713 Bacterial Synthesis 743
Fusariotoxins 718 Mechanism of Action 743
Ochratoxin and Citrinin 719 Toxicodynamics 743
Zootoxins 719 Quantification of Neuromuscular Blocking
Feed Additives 719 Potency 745
Pesticides 720 Toxicokinetics 746
Metals 725 Botulism in Humans 746
Lead 725 Botulism in Veterinary Species 746
Zinc 725 Equine Botulism 746
Mercury 726 Bovine Botulism 749
Iron 726 Avian Botulism 751
Environmental Toxicants 727 Canine and Feline Botulism 754
Petroleum 727 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 755
Cyanide 727 References 755
Toxic Gases 728 Further Reading 757
Ammonia 728
Carbon Monoxide 728 56. Enterotoxins
Polytetrafluoroethylene: Teflon 728
Concluding Remarks and Future Larry J. Thompson
Directions 728 Introduction 759
References 729 Background 759