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Philosophy and Fundamentals of Sharī’ah for Islamic Finance
SHA0011

Fiqh The knowledge of the practical rulings of Sharī'ah which is
deduced from their respective particular evidence

Gharar Uncertainty that might lead to destruction and loss

Gharar fāḥish Major or excessive gharar

Gharar yasīr Minor or slight gharar

Ḥadīth The record of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad SAW.
The sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad SAW
constitute the Sunnah

Ḥājiyyāt Important requirements that crucial to the well- being of
the five maqāṣid, without which will lead to hardship

Ḥaul Period of time (one lunar year)

‘Ibādah Devotional acts/ worship in everything that Allāh SWT
loves of words and deeds, manifest and hidden

‘Iddah Probation period

‘Illah The effective cause

Ijmā’ Consensus of opinion

Ijtihād Independent reasoning or the utmost effort an individual
can put forth in an activity. It is recognized as the deci-
sion-making process in Islamic law

Isnād The chain of narration

Istiḥsān Juristic preference

Istiṣḥāb Presumption of continuity

Jama’ Combinations of two prayers in one time (Ẓohor with Aṣar,
Maghrib with ‘Isyā’)

Jalb al-maṣāliḥ Enjoining benefit

Jihād Striving and determined effort in the path of Allāh SWT

Khalwah Close proximity

Kulliyyah General