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Middle Adulthood (40-65 years): Generativity versus stagnation characterizes
this stage, emphasizing the desire to contribute to the next generation and leave a legacy.

HRD initiatives may focus on leadership development, succession planning, and

knowledge transfer to ensure continuity and growth within organizations.

Late Adulthood (65+ years): The integrity versus despair stage centres on
re�lecting on one’s life and accomplishments. HRD practices, such as phased retirement

programs and lifelong learning opportunities, can promote ful�ilment, continued

engagement, and knowledge sharing among older adults in the workforce (Erikson, 1982;
Practical Psychology, 2021).

For visual reference, Figure 1 illustrates Erik Erikson’s 8-stage psychosocial

development theory.

LATE
ADULTHOOD INFANCY
Integrity vs Despair Trust vs Mistrust

MIDDLE EARLY
ADULTHOOD CHILDHOOD

Generativity vs Autonomy vs
Stagnation Shame / Doubt

YOUNG PRESCHOOL

ADULTHOOD
Intimacy vs Initiative vs
Isolation Guilt

ADOLESCENCE SCHOOL AGE

Identity vs Role Industry vs
Confusion Inferiority

Figure 1. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory

Adapted from online illustrations of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory

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