Page 12 - KMS1034 HRD Practices Sem 2 23/24

psychological processes underlying workplace behaviours and motivations. Below is a
description of how each stage of Erikson’s theory relates to HRD practices:

Infancy (0-1 year): Although not explicitly addressed in the article, the experiences
during infancy, such as trust versus mistrust, lay the groundwork for future

developmental milestones. In HRD, fostering a supportive and trusting environment
during the early stages of employment can enhance employee engagement and

commitment.

Early Childhood (1-3 years): The stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt

highlights the importance of allowing individuals to explore and assert their
independence. In HRD contexts, providing opportunities for employees to take

ownership of their learning and development can foster autonomy and self-ef�icacy.

Preschool (3-6 years): This stage focuses on the development of purpose and

con�idence. HRD initiatives that enable employees to set goals, develop self-con�idence,

and engage in purposeful activities contribute to their professional growth.

School Age (6-11 years): While industry-speci�ic HRD mentoring programs may
not directly target individuals in this age group, principles of industry exposure and skill

development can align with HRD activities supporting industry awareness and

competence. Moreover, experiences during this stage may indirectly in�luence later
developmental stages, particularly in terms of industry-related aspirations and self-

ef�icacy.

Adolescence (12-18 years): The identity versus role confusion stage underscores

the exploration of one’s sense of self and future aspirations. In HRD, mentoring programs
can play a crucial role in helping adolescents navigate career decisions, develop

vocational identities, and build essential skills for future success.

Young Adulthood (19-40 years): This stage encompasses intimacy versus

isolation, where individuals seek meaningful relationships and establish career paths.
HRD practices, particularly formal mentoring programs, can support young adults in

building professional networks, seeking mentorship relationships, and advancing their

careers.

8