Page 7 - E-BOOK ZAT ADITIF

Gambar 5.2 Pengemulsi berberat molekul rendah ................................................................... 76
Gambar 5.3 Posisi Protein Ampifilik sebagai Pengemulsi ...................................................... 77
Gambar 5.4 Lesitin dan Karagenan ......................................................................................... 79
Gambar 5.5 Digliseril Ester dan Polisorbat ............................................................................. 80
Gambar 5.6 Mekanisme pembentukan kompleks pati pengemulsi ......................................... 81
Gambar 5.7 Mekanisme Stalling dan Peran Pengemulsi ......................................................... 81
Gambar 5.8 Struktur Monogliserida ........................................................................................ 83
Gambar 5.9 Struktur kimia turunan monogliserida (LacMG) ................................................. 83
Gambar 5.10 Struktur Sorbitan Ester, Sorbitol (a) dan Asam Lemak (b) ................................ 84
Gambar 5.11 Struktur Kimia Polisorbat .................................................................................. 84
Gambar 5.12 Struktur Kimia Sukrosa ...................................................................................... 85
Gambar 5.13 Struktur kimia olestra ......................................................................................... 86
Gambar 5.14 Struktur natrium stearoyl laktilat ....................................................................... 87
Gambar 5.15 Struktur Fosfolipid ............................................................................................. 87
Gambar 6. 1 Pati, gelatin, pektin dan agar-agar ....................................................................... 95
Gambar 6.2 Struktur jenis-jenis karaginan ............................................................................ 100
Gambar 6.3 Struktur asam manuronat (kiri) dan asam guluronate (kanan) ........................... 100
Gambar 6.4 Pembentukan gel alginat dengan ion kasium membentuk struktur egg box ...... 101
Gambar 6.5 Struktur Selulosa ................................................................................................ 102
Gambar 6.6 Reaksi pembentukan CMC ................................................................................ 103
Gambar 6.7 Reaksi pembentukan MC ................................................................................... 104
Gambar 6.8 Struktur kimia gum xanthan ............................................................................... 109
Gambar 6.9 Struktur gum gellan tersubstitusi (a) dan tidak tersubstitusi (b) ........................ 110
Gambar 7.1 Asam Benzoat, Asam Sorbat dan Garam Nitrat ................................................. 119
Gambar 8.1 Contoh oksidasi lipid ......................................................................................... 131
Gambar 8.2 Reaksi antara radikal bebas (ROO-) dengan kuinon .......................................... 132
Gambar 8.3 Reaksi pembentukan kuinon kembali dari intermediat semikuinon radikal ..... 132
Gambar 8.4 Reaksi semikuinon radikal bebas (ROO-) membentuk produk stabil ................ 133
Gambar 8.5 Struktur beberapa Antioksidan Fenolik .............................................................. 134
Gambar 8.6 Struktur Tokoferol .............................................................................................. 136
Gambar 8.7 Stabilitas radikal tokoferol melibatkan radikal peroksi yang lain ...................... 136
Gambar 8.8 Struktur molekul nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) ....................................... 138
Gambar 8.9 Struktur molekul (a) PG (b) OG (c) DG ............................................................ 139
Gambar 8.10 Struktur molekul TBHQ ................................................................................... 140
Gambar 9.1 Struktur kimia Asam Borat ................................................................................ 147
Gambar 9.2 Struktur kimia Dulsin ......................................................................................... 148
Gambar 9.3 Struktur kimia Formaldehid ............................................................................... 149
Gambar 9.4 Struktur kimia Nitrofurazon ............................................................................... 150
Gambar 9.5 Struktur kimia Asam Salisilat ............................................................................ 150
Gambar 9.6 Struktur kimia Kloramfenikol ............................................................................ 151
Gambar 9.7 Struktur kimia Potasium Bromat........................................................................ 152
Gambar 9.8 Struktur kimia Chitosan ..................................................................................... 152
Gambar 9.9 Biji Hapesong ..................................................................................................... 153
Gambar 9.10 Bakteri Asam Laktat ......................................................................................... 155