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Vitamin Supplementation for Formula-fed Infants 97
Vitamin Supplementation for Department of Health (1994) Weaning and the
Formula-fed Infants Weaning Diet. Report on Health and Social
Subjects: 45. London: HMSO.
All formula milks are fortified with vitamins A
and D and most formula-fed infants will receive Department of Health (2004) HIV and Infant Feeding:
enough of these two vitamins in their formula Guidance from the UK Chief Medical Officers’
milk during the first 6 months of life. All formula- Expert Advisory Group on AIDS. www.dh.gov.uk/
fed infants should begin a supplement of vitamins en/publicationsandstatistics/publications/
A and D from 6 months once they are drinking publicationspolicyandguidance/dh_4089892
less than 500 mL formula per day (Department of (accessed April 2012).
Health 1994). Local policies may vary; in some
areas where vitamin D deficiency and rickets are Department of Health (2007) Breastfeeding: Off to
seen more frequently vitamin supplementation the best start. www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publication
for formula-fed infants may be recommended sandstatistics/Publications/
from birth. PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_074095
(accessed April 2012).
Those families who are entitled to receive
Healthy Start vouchers are entitled to free Healthy Dollberg S, Lahav S and Mimouni FB (2001) A
Start children’s vitamin drops (www.healthystart. comparison of intakes of breast-fed and bottle-fed
nhs.uk). Some NHS Trusts also sell the vitamin infants during the first two days of life. Journal
drops but for families who cannot access these a American College of Nutrition 20: 209–211.
range of infant supplements are available in
pharmacies and some large supermarkets. Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, et al. (2008) Effects
of early nutritional interventions on the
References and further reading development of atopic disease in infants and
children. Pediatrics 121(1): 183–191.
Agostoni C, Decsi T, Fewtrell M, et al. (2008)
Complementary feeding: a commentary by the Heikkilä K, Sacker A, Kelly Y, Renfrew M and Quigley
ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Journal of M (2011) Breast feeding and child behaviour in the
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 46: Millennium Cohort Study. Archives of Disease in
99–110. Childhood 96(7): 635–642.
Billeaud C, Guillet J and Sandler B (1990) Gastric Horta BL, Bahl R, Martines JC, et al. (2007) Evidence
emptying in infants with or without gastro- on the Long Term Effects of Breastfeeding:
oesophageal reflux according to the type of milk. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Geneva:
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44: World Health Organization.
577–583.
Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, et al. (2007) Breastfeeding
Bolling K, Grant C, Hamlyn B and Thorton (2007) and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in
Infant Feeding Survey 2005. London: The Developed Countries. Evidence report/technology
Information Centre. www.ic.nhs.uk assessment 153. Rockville, MD: Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality.
Dell S and To T (2001) Breastfeeding and asthma in
young children: findings from a population-based Jones E and Spencer SA (2007) The physiology of
study. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent lactation. Paediatrics and Child Health 17: 244–248.
Medicine 1(55): 1261–1265.
Li L, Parsons TJ and Power C (2003) Breast feeding
Department of Health (1991) Report on Health and and obesity in childhood: cross sectional study.
Social Subjects No. 41. Dietary Reference Values for British Medical Journal 327: 904–905.
Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom.
London: The Stationery Office. Martin RM, Ness AR, Gunnell D, et al. (2004) Does
breastfeeding in infancy lower blood pressure in
childhood? Circulation 109: 1259–1266.
Mayer EJ, Hamman RF and Gay EC (1988) Reduced
risk of IDDM among breastfed children: the
Colorado IDDM registry. Diabetes 37: 1625–1632.
