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Planning can reduce the need to work in confined space such as by:

• Modifying confined space to eliminate entry.
• Carry out work from outside, for example removing blockages through remotely operated

rotating flail devices, vibrators, or air purgers.
• Carrying out inspection, sampling, and cleaning from outside using appropriate tools and

equipment

• Using remote cameras for internal inspection of vessels.

Safe System of work for Entry into Confined Spaces

Where the hazards cannot be physically eliminated in confined space, safe system of work is
significant when carrying out confined space work.

Numerous confined space accidents occur resulting in multi-fatalities due to the lack of, or failure to

comply with detailed procedure. The procedure should be based on a permit-to-work.

The factors be considered when developing a safe system of work

• Access and egress
• Training, supervision, and suitability

• Permit-to-work procedure
• Gas purging and ventilation

• Removal of dangerous residues

• Testing and monitoring the atmosphere prior to enter
• Mechanical, electrical and process isolation – Lock out and tag off

• Respiratory protective equipment and other personal protective equipment
• Safe use of work equipment for example the use of lighting which is suitable for the

atmosphere.
• Communications devices required to use in the confined space

• Emergency and rescue arrangements

ENSIGN | General Workplace Issues 25