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READing PASSAgE 1 11 lecturing ‘Travelled’ might be tempting here but
Questions 1–13 doesn’t fit the grammar.
12 comics ‘Costumes’ and ‘stage design’ might be
1 TRUE: The texts states that dance historians have tempting here, but they cannot be ‘influences’ in this
‘remarkably similar views’ about ‘the evolution of context. Rather they were influenced ‘by’ comics.
modern American dance’. However, it’s necessary
to comprehend the meaning of a reasonably long 13 mirrors ‘Limbs’ and ‘backbones’ might be tempting
sentence in order to complete the task. here but do not make sense in the context.
2 FALSE: The texts states that dance ‘moved away READing PASSAgE 2
from previous approaches’ and rejected both ballet Questions 14–26
and vaudeville. Hence dancers in the early 1900s did
not tend to copy earlier dancers. In fact, they made 14 B very hard = almost impossible; to pretend to
‘a fresh start’. laugh = to imitate laughter
3 nOT giVEn: The text provides various details about 15 A a reference to research = all the studies show;
Fuller’s style of dance, including the fact that she people do not know how often they laugh = we
emphasised visual effects rather than storytelling. laugh more frequently than we realise
However, there is no information about whether 16 D stop themselves laughing = suppress laughter;
she preferred to dance alone or as part of a large the reason why = this is possible because
company. 17 A The health benefits include improving
4 FALSE: Instead of ‘complicated clothing’, the text cardiovascular function, boosting the immune
states that Duncan ‘refused to wear elaborate system and the release of beneficial hormones into
costumes, preferring to dance in plain dresses and the bloodstream.
bare feet’. 18 C a medical condition = a rare neurological disorder
5 nOT giVEn: Duncan preferred music written by named aphonogelia; stops some people making a
classical composers to contemporary music. The noise when laughing = prevents some people from
inference might be that this was unusual at the laughing out loud
time, but there is no reference to criticisms from 19 D paragraph E: research = an international online
other dancers. survey; personal experience = the reactions his
6 TRUE: St Denis opened a dance training academy own jokes received; wide range of subjects and
so she could pass on her dance style to the next situations = diverse and often contradictory variety
generation. of topics and scenarios
7 walking The question includes the word ‘breathing’ 20 C paragraph C: ideas about what is amusing = tastes
so it is necessary to find a grammatically compatible in jokes; changed considerably over time = evolved
second word to complete the set. ‘Patterns’ markedly with the passing of the centuries
might be tempting but doesn’t fit the grammar. 21 E paragraph E: to intentionally make other people
‘Observing’ might also be tempting, but isn’t what laugh = making jokes for a living; an unusual
the text says. combination of skills and characteristics =
8 book The difficulty here comes from the fact that a psychologist and social commentator, be
the answer, ‘book’, is obscured by the complexity of empathetic, self-aware, observant, stubborn
the sentence before it: ‘She explored the concept of and have great timing.
gravity, allowing her body to fall, only to recover at 22 B paragraph B: Jocelyn Barnes explains that while
the last moment.’ we may laugh because something is funny, the real
9 humour The idea of the Broadway stage might be purpose of laughter is sometimes social bonding;
tempting here, but Holm did not ‘introduce’ these. ordinary people = outside the scientific community
Her ‘innovation’ was to bring humour to these 23 eyes paragraph B: The sentence has a clear locator
performances, hence she ‘introduced’ humour. in the name of the French neurologist. Distraction
10 documentary The whole idea of the ‘interactions is provided by the names of the two muscles and
of ordinary people going about their everyday lives’ by ‘feet’, but these words do not make sense in this
might be tempting here. However, no part of that context.
sentence will fit the key in terms of grammar and
meaning. Only a documentary can ‘outline’ Taylor’s
working life.