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IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav

cover up our own wrongdoing [= first example of 24 details: ‘A difficulty that liars face is having to
a reason]. Second to this are lies we tell to gain remember exactly what they said, which is why they
economic advantage [= second example] – we might don’t provide [= offer] as many [= fewer] details as
lie during an interview to increase the chances of a person giving an honest account would [= people
getting a job. Interestingly, ‘white lies’, the kind who are telling the truth].’
we tell to avoid hurting people’s feelings [= third 25 stage: ‘It is also typical of liars to mentally rehearse
example] . . .’. [= to carefully plan] their story, and this is why one
18 B: ‘In one study [= an experiment] . . . children were stage follows another in apparently chronological
individually brought into a laboratory and asked fashion [= to be in logical order].’
to face a wall. They were asked to guess what toy 26 still: ‘Recent research has also disproved the
one of Lee’s fellow researchers had placed on a widely believed notion [= something that many
table behind them.’ The text goes on to describe people believe] that liars have a habit of fidgeting
the children’s reactions during the experiment and [= moving around a lot] in their seats. Rather, it
how they attempted to deceive the researchers. The seems that they keep [= remain] still, especially
idea of possible encouragement comes from ‘The in the upper body, possibly hoping to give an
research team were well aware that many children impression of self-assurance [= come across as
would be unable to resist peeking [= taking a quick more confident].’
look] at the toy.’
19 C: We are told that Sharot’s research has shown READing PASSAgE 3
that ‘while we might initially experience a sense Questions 27–40
of shame [= a feeling of guilt] about small lies, this 27 A: The reviewer says ‘We hope an encounter with
[= the feeling] eventually wears off [= disappears]. nature might make us feel more “alive”. Would
The result, Sharot has found, is that we progress to we use this same term [= the adjective ‘alive’] to
more serious ones [= lies].’ describe nature itself, though? Forests and the
20 A: The text explains that ‘Goodger thinks it [= the trees that form them are commonly perceived as
fact we are so susceptible to lies] has something objects lacking awareness [= they are thought to
to do with our strong desire [= people’s need] for be passive], like rocks or stones.’ The phrase ‘beg to
certain information we hear to be true, even when differ’ means ‘to disagree’. So Wohlleben does not
we might suspect it isn’t . . . “we might be comforted agree that forests and trees live in a passive way.
[= feel reassured] by others’ lies or excited by the 28 C: The phrase ‘what sets it [= the book] apart’
promise of a good outcome” [= hopeful].’ means ‘what makes this a unique book’. The
21 A: Karen Goodger says that ‘for animals with higher reviewer gives examples of how Wohlleben
brain functions [= intelligent species], there’s also compares the behaviour of trees to the behaviour
a higher probability [= it’s more likely] that they’ll of human families. ‘Anthropomorphism’ means
demonstrate manipulative behaviours.’ ‘giving animals or objects human qualities and
22 B: The idea of telling lies with ‘increasing characteristics’.
sophistication’ is paraphrased in this part of the Distraction A The reviewer mentions how various
text: ‘whereas the younger children simply named books ‘have done much to reformulate our views
the toy and denied taking a peek, the older ones about the green world’ and contain a message
came up with some interesting reasons to explain about ‘sustainability’. This might imply that ordinary
how they had identified the toy correctly.’ We are people can help protect forests, but he explains
then told that ‘Lee is reassured by this trend [= of that these are features of all of the books. They are
increasing sophistication], seeing it as evidence not unique to The Hidden Life of Trees; B Wohlleben
in each case that the cognitive growth of a child thinks we should think more carefully before cutting
is progressing as it should [= the child’s cognitive down trees: he says that once you know how they
ability is developing in a normal way].’ interact and depend on one another, you ‘can no
23 gesture: ‘A common claim . . . is that liars won’t look longer just chop them down’. However, he makes no
people in the eye [= avoid making eye contact] . . . distinction between which species of tree deserve
Another is that they are likely to gesture as they tell to be preserved and which less so; D The quote does
their story, but so frequently [= they gesture a lot] seem rather simplistic in its writing style, but the
that it seems unnatural.’ writer doesn’t say how this style compares to the
style of other books of the same genre.