Page 90 - More_3_2nd_edition_Workbook

Grammar review

Present perfect Units 1 and 2

The Present perfect tense is formed with the present tense of have + past participle:
I have been.
She has arrived.
They have gone.
The auxiliary of the Present perfect is have.

The Past participle of regular verbs is formed like the Past simple by adding ed to the base form
of the verb. The Past participle of irregular verbs must be memorised.

Affirmative Negative Questions

I have tried I have not tried Have I tried?
You have tried You have not tried Have you tried?
He has tried He has not tried Has he tried?
She has tried She has not tried Has she tried?
It has tried It has not tried Has it tried?
We have tried We have not tried Have we tried?
You have tried You have not tried Have you tried?
They have tried They have not tried Have they tried?

The short form of the Present perfect is as follows:
Affirmative I’ve tried, you’ve tried, he’s tried, she’s tried, it’s tried, etc.
Negative I haven’t tried, you haven’t tried, he hasn’t tried, etc.

Questions Units 1 and 2

Questions about length or duration of time are often introduced by how long.
How long have you worked in that office?

Short answers Units 1 and 2

Has she called you? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Have they arrived? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
The Present perfect can also express an action beginning in the past and still continuing. It is
often used with for (denoting a duration) or since (denoting the point in time when the action
began):
I’ve lived in Rome for two months / since April.

Present perfect + yet / just / already Units 1 and 2

We use yet in negative sentences and with questions:
Have you seen it yet? No, I haven’t. I haven’t been to the film yet.

We use already in questions and positive sentences:
Have you been there already? I’ve already seen it.
We use just in positive sentences.
I’ve just seen it.

88 GRAMMAR REVIEW