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d) Vascular

i) Retinopathy

ii) Cerebrovascular Disease

iii) Renal

There arc various treatment guideline laid down for management of hypertension

✓ Drug treatment
✓Duration and type of Hypertension

3.2 Coronary artery disease (CAD) / Coronary Heart Disease (CUD) / Ischemic Heart
Disease (IAD)

Coronary artery disease develops when coronary arteries become narrowed occluded because of
which there is inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle resulting in ischemia (reduced blood
supply).

The risk factors can be classified into:

a) Modifiable risk factors:
i) Smoking

ii) Hyperlipidemia: Altered lipid (5% of fat) levels including

✓ High LDL cholesterol (bad
cholesterol)

✓ Low HDL cholesterol (good
cholesterol)
✓ High triglycerides

iii) Diabetes Mellitus

iv) High Blood Pressure

v) Physical Inactivity

vi) Obese

b) Non modifiable risk factors: those factors which cannot be changed

i) Family History

ii) Male gender

iii) Age

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