Page 376 - Essentials of Human Communication

Index 355

self-perception of, 175 hate, 56, 80–85 Task roles, 195
situational approach to leadership and, heterosexist, 80–81 Tattoos, 105–106
200 homophobic, 80–81 Team communication. See Small groups
social facilitation in, 197 racist, 80 Teams, small groups as, 175–176
social loafing in, 197, 198t rate of, 109, 250–251 Technology, 16. See also Computer-
stages of, 176, 177f sexist, 82–83 mediated communication; specific
styles of leadership and, 200, 201–202 Speeches. See Public speaking; types of, type, e.g. Cell phone etiquette
symposium format for, 177, 177f e.g. Informative speeches Telling style of leadership, 200
task purposes of, 177f Spiral of silence theory, 111 Template outline for speeches, 245–250
task roles in, 195 Spontaneity, conflict and, 166 Temporal communication, 111–113
as teams, 175–176 Stages of perception, 35–37 Temporal context of communication,
traits approach to leadership and, Standard setters, 195 7–8
199–200 Static evaluation, 88–89 Territoriality, 103–104
transformational approach to Statistics in informative speech, 266–267 Test
leadership and, 200 Status signals, 104 for assertiveness, 76
understanding in, 197–198 Steamrolling, 164 of conflict management strategies, 164
virtual, 176 Stereotyping, 38, 87 on credibility, 295
Small talk, 129–132 conversation and, 123 on criticism approach, 257
Smell communication, 106–107 gender, 123 on distinguishing fact from inference,
Snarl words, 70 sex-role, 83 86–87
Social bonding, 141 Stimulation of perception, 35–36 of group member type, 194
Social clock, 113 Storge love, 144 on leadership ability, 201
Social comparison, 25–26, 25f Strategy in conflict, 166, 167–168 on listening effectiveness, 57
Social distance, 102, 103t Structure-function pattern organization, of politeness, 128
Social exchange theory, 152 226t on power, 13
Social facilitation, 197 Substitution on public speaking apprehension, 209
Social loafing, 197, 198t errors of, 251 on self-disclosure willingness, 31–32
Social media. See Computer-mediated nonverbal messages and, 94 of self-esteem, 29
communication Success and self-esteem, 30 on small group apprehension, 178
Social networking. See Computer-mediated Sufficiency of information, 221t on small talk, 129–130
communication; Networking Summary, in public speaking, 240 on time attitudes and behavior,
Social separation, 139f, 142 Superiority in conflict, 167 111–112
Social-psychological context of Supporting material for speeches, on using presentation software,
communication, 7–8 223–224 271–272
Sociology, audience, 217, 217t of definition, 281 Testimony in informative speech, 266
Software, presentation, 271–274, 276 of demonstration, 282 Testing relationships, 140
Solution messages, 64 of descriptive, 279 Testing solutions, 186
Source-receivers, 5, 5f of informative, 265–268 Thesis of speech, 216, 217, 277, 281, 282,
Sources of research, 220–221 of persuasion, 290–297, 299, 301, 305 297, 299, 300–301, 304–305
Space decoration, 106 Supportiveness Thinking
Spatial communication, 101–104, 103t in conflict, 165–167 critical, 20, 186
Spatial pattern organization, 228 ethical relationships and, 151 reflective, 10–11
Speaker cues, 123–124 Surface listening, 61 Thinking empathy, 58–59
Speaking. See Public speaking; Surveys for public speaking topic Time communication, 111–113
Source-receivers; Speech selection, 213–214 Time orientation, 17, 17t, 289
Special interest pleaders, 196 Symbolization, defining by, 267 Time pattern organization, 227
Special interests, audience sociology and, Sympathy, maxim of, 128 Toasts, 275
217t Symposium, 177, 177f Topical pattern organization, 228
Special occasion speeches, 275, 298 Synchronous communication, 7 Topics
Specific purpose of public speeches, changing, to avoid self-disclosure, 35
215–216 Taboos, 212, 213 for small talk, 131
Specific to general reasoning, 291 Tact, maxim of, 128 for speeches, 212–214, 214f, 215
Specificity, 237 Tactile communication, 107–108 Touch communication, 107–108
criticism and, 257 Tactile imagery in public speaking, 238 avoidance of, 107–108
Speech Talk. See Conversation; Language; Speech culture and, 108
ageist, 81–82 Tannen, Deborah, 65–66 gender and, 108
culture and, 65 Task groups, 175, 177f Traditional couples, 145
disorders of, 130t Task needs, small groups and, 4 Traits approach to leadership, 199–200